C3.1 - Blood Typing Flashcards
What are antigens?
Molecules found on the surface of cells and pathogens; they serve as an identification system.
What are antibodies?
Proteins that recognize, neutralize, or destroy foreign substances. Their structure is specific to particular antigens.
What is a blood transfusion?
The transfer of blood from one person to another, requiring matching ABO and Rh blood types.
What is agglutination?
Clumping in blood due to an antigen-antibody reaction.
What antigens and antibodies are found in Type A blood?
Type A antigens and anti-B antibodies.
What antigens and antibodies are found in Type B blood?
Type B antigens and anti-A antibodies.
What antigens and antibodies are found in Type AB blood?
Both type A and B antigens, and no antibodies.
What antigens and antibodies are found in Type O blood?
No A or B antigens; both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
What is the Rh factor?
A group of antigens on red blood cells; determines whether blood is Rh+ or Rh-.
What does Rh+ mean?
Rh factor is present; there are no anti-Rh antibodies.
What does Rh- mean?
Rh factor is absent; no antibodies unless developed from pregnancy or transfusions.
Why is Rh incompatibility dangerous during pregnancy?
An Rh- mother with an Rh+ baby may produce anti-Rh antibodies that can attack a future Rh+ fetus, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).
How can HDN be prevented?
With an injection after birth to stop the mother’s immune system from making Rh antibodies.
