C3 - Structure and Bonding Flashcards
What is a solid?
Low energy particles packed together in fixed positions. Can slide over each other.
What is a liquid?
Medium energy particles filling their space.
What is a gas?
Free floating high energy particles filling their space.
What is particle theory?
Portraying atoms as solid particles to easier explain some concepts. As particles are not actually solid, this has its limitations.
What is ionic bonding?
One atom gives another atom an electron to gain a full outer shell. The atoms now have positive and negative charges, and so are attracted together. As the atoms have now gained/lost electrons, they are also both ions, hence the name ionic bonding. This only occus between metals and non-metals.
Why are ionic structures conductive when molten?
The ions become mobile, and so can carry charge through the liquid.
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding is where electrons are shared between two atoms in order for them both to form a full outer shell. They are then held together by the shared pair of electrons. This only occurs between two non-metals.
What is the structure of graphite?
Hexagonally bonded layers, with weak bonds between layers. This allows each layer to slide off, making graphite soft and slippery.
What is a fullerene?
A giant structure that forms a hollow cage. Very strong, and highly conductive.
What is graphene?
A single layer of graphite. Extremely conductive.
What is metallic bonding?
Metallic bonding is where metals effectively form a cluster of positively charged ions surrounded by a sea of free moving electrons which keep them together. This only happens in metal to metal bonding.
What are the characteristics of materials featuring metallic bonding?
- Easily bendable due to layer-based form
- Good conductivity due to delocalised electrons
