C3 - Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700 Flashcards
freemen
adult males who were members of Puritan congregations (collectively the Congregational Church). They were allowed to vote on local government issues in MA Bay Colony. Only “visible saints” could be members of Puritan churches so only they could then be freemen and vote.
General Court
Representative assembly elected by Puritans in the Bay Colony.
King Philip
1675: Massasoit’s son, Metacom, but called King Philip by the English settlers. Formed alliance combining many tribes to attack English villages (trying to stop their expansion onto Indian land). He was killed - head put on a spike for years in Plymouth.
covenant
Agreement or promise
Dutch West India Company
From Netherlands (Dutch). settled islands in the Caribbean. More interested in raiding Spanish ships and stealing riches than in trade. This company also planted New Netherland (later became New York) in 1623 along Hudson River. Interested in fur trade. Bought Manhattan island from Indians. Dutch rules were harsh/no religious toleration of anyone not belonging to Dutch Reformed Church.
Glorious Revolution
1688-1689: Bloodless revolution in England. removed unpopular Catholic James II and put in place Protestant William and Mary. This challenge to the English crown caused colonists to rise up against English rules they didn’t like.
John Calvin
1536: Religious leader wrote his protestant doctrine in his publication: Institutes of the Christian Religion.
New England Confederation
1643: First time colonies had banded together. 4 colonies formed the confederation with 2 reps from each colony. They handled issues like defending the colonies from Indians and French.
Bible Commonwealth
Another name for MA Bay Colony b/c religious leaders had tremendous power.
Mayflower
Ship that carried Pilgrims to Plymouth. 65 days at sea. crowded/102 people/1 died/1 born (baby name: Oceanus).
William Bradford
Leader of Pilgrims - voted governor 30 times. self-taught scholar. knew 4 languages.
Peter Stuyvesant
1655 Dutch director (hired by Dutch West India Company - not chosen by colonists) led military expedition to banish the Swedish colony (a weak colony set up in Delaware). He had one leg. Indians called him Father Wooden Leg. He was ruthless and didn’t believe in democracy/rights of people.
predestination
Concept of Calvinism. At moment of creation, God knew who was going to Heaven and who going to Hell.
Sir Edmund Andros
1686: Named leader of Dominion of New England. Put in place by England, not colonists. Ruthless…stopped town meetings, put new restrictions in place on courts, the press and land ownership. Set headquarters in Puritan Boston. the people hated him and his soldiers. By 1689 after Glorious Revolution in England, colonists ran Andros out of town - shipped back to England.
William Penn
1660: Well to do, athletic Englishman was attracted to Quaker faith. Suffered persecution for this.
1681 he wanted to form a colony as a place for Quakers to escape this cruel treatment. Because the English King owed Penn’s father $, he granted land, called Pennsylvania to William Penn. He encouraged settlers to come by offering to grant large plots of land to settlers.
Pilgrims (Plymouth colony)
Separatists (who’d moved to Holland 10 years earlier) had negotiated with Virginia Co. to settle in VA. 1620 landed in stony New England (were supposed to land in VA). Only 1/2 were separatists - one non-separatist was Captain Myles Standish.
Mayflower Compact
Agreement signed by Pilgrims before getting off ship. Formed a crude government. Signers agreed to follow the will of the majority in making decisions.
patroonship
Large estates along the Hudson River, granted by the Dutch government to people who agreed to settle 50 people on them.
Separatists
Purest group of Puritans…dedicated extremists. Thought only visible saints should be allowed as church members. But the Church of England allowed all citizens. “Saints” had to share pews with the “damned”. King James I saw this line of thinking as threatening to his power, so worked to get separatists out of England. Separatists moved to Holland in 1608. Later wanted to settle in America where they could live their religion/raise their children as they wanted.
John Cotton
Religious leader in Bay Colony, Educated at England’s Cambridge U, became a strong Puritan. Sometimes preached for 6 hours a day. Said Government had a duty to enforce religious rules.
Protestant Reformation
1517: Martin Luther nailed protests to Catholic church to door of Wittenberg’s cathedral. Started fever of reform. Lasted for Century in Europe and shaped the beginning of America.
Henry Hudson
Hired by Dutch East India Co. to explore for riches. In 1609, he sailed into Delaware Bay and New York Bay looking for shortcut through the continent to the Pacific Ocean. Filed Dutch claim to this area (now New York state)
