C27 - The Path of Empire 1890-1899 Flashcards
Foraker Act
1900: Puerto Rico was US territory now (after the Treaty of Paris). Foraker Act granted Puerto Rico a limited degree of popular government.
In 1917, Puerto Ricans were granted US Citizenship.
The country was very poor, and the US helped improve education, sanitation, transportation, etc.
Rough Riders
Part of the invading US army that invaded Cuba. Directed by Colone Wood, but mostly organized by the attention-seeking Theodore Roosevelt, who had resigned from the Navy Department to be part of this invading force.
Pan-American Conference
- First Pan American Conference took place in Washington DC. Meeting between US and Latin American nations regarding trade and economic issues.
Presided over by US Secretary of State James G. Blaine.
2 outcomes of the conference: agreements that the US and many Latin American governments would reduce tariffs in order to increase trade between countries. Another outcome: started a tradition so future talks would be held.
insular cases
1901: Supreme Court cases which ruled that people in US territories like Puerto Rico and Philippines were under US rule, but did not get all of the constitutional rights that other US Citizens are granted.
Treaty of Paris
Treaty with Spain that took Spaniards out of Cuba, US bought the Philippines from Spain, and the US received Guam and Puerto Rico.
This treaty sparked a big debate in the US. Some didn’t believe with these expansionist actions. The Anti-Imperialist League sprang up as a response .
Teller Amendment
Amendment passed by Congress in 1898 that said that after the US helped Cuba overthrow Spanish rule, it would give Cubans their freedom.
James G. Blaine
Secretary of State under President Garfield and then President Harrison.
Led the 1st Pan American conference.
jingoism
Jingoism is patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy. Jingoism also refers to bias against free trade with foreign nations
Richard Olney
President Cleveland’s Secretary of State.
No lover of the British. He wrote a scathing note to the British government reminding them of the Monroe Doctrine, which forbid European countries from expanding or colonizing anywhere in the Western Hemisphere.
There was disputed land in Venezuela (South America) and US told Britain to get out. Britain replied by saying it was none of the US’s business.
Anti-Imperialist League
Group that sprang up to fight President McKinley’s expansionist moves. They disagreed with the US controlling lands that weren’t part of the continental US (like Hawaii, Cuba, Philippines, and Guam and Puerto Rico).
Many prominent Americans were anti-imperialists; Presidents of Stanford and Harvard Universities, mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie and labor leader Samuel Gompers.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of Filipino insurgents (people who were fighting for freedom from Spain in Manilla Philippines).
Brilliant and supported by the US in the fight for independence from Spain.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Navy captain who wrote a book in 1890: The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. In his book, he said that control of the seas was key to a nation’s dominance.
New steel Navy ships were a big improvement.
His book helped stimulate a Naval race. World powers raced to improve their Navies.
Valeriano Weyler
Spanish captain who went to Cuba in 1896 to put down Cubans who were demanding/fighting for independence from Spain. The cause of the Cubans’ actions was mis-management of the island by Spain and severe economic problems, especially related to their big crop: sugar.
Weyler came in like a cruel butcher and put many Cubans in concentration camps where many died of disease.
Depuy de L’me
Spanish minister in Washington who wrote a letter in early 18988, insulting President McKinley. The letter was not meant to be public…it was stolen from the mail and then published by Hearst (a big newspaper publisher at the time).
Became such an outrage that Deputy De L’me was forced to resign.
imperialism
National feeling that a country has the right to expand and even conquer foreign lands.