C12 - The 2nd War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1812-1824 Flashcards
panic of 1819
Economic depression. brought deflation in the value of money, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens and overcrowded debtors’ prisons.
The West was hard hit because many of its farms were foreclosed on (seized by banks).
Mounting public disgust for the practice of putting debtors in prison also.
Bonus Bill of 1817
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James Monroe
Became President in 1817. Continued the Virginia Dynasty (was was from VA). Maybe not brilliant, but he was a steady solid leader - which the times called for.
Russo-American Treaty of 1824
Russia agreed that its borders were set just south of Alaska - they would not colonize further south.
Hartford Convention
3 week convention late in 1814. MA, CT, Rhode Island, NH and VT sent reps. They met for 3 weeks to talk about their grievances. Some suspected they were trying to secede from the US. Federalists in these states did not agree with the War of 1812 and sometimes even aided the British.
Some of the discontent reflected Federalist fears that a once-proud New England was losing power and influence to Democratic-Republicans from the South and West.
These Hartford resolutions were carried to Washington DC at the same time as news of the win at the Battle of New Orleans and the Treaty of Ghent got to Washington. Demands from the Hartford Convention were seen as petty and treasonous. This led to the end of the Federalist party (they nominated their last candidate in the election of 1816 - he was beat).
internal improvements
Building roads and bridges in the US.
Thomas Macdonough
American Navy captain who won an important victory in Sept. 1814, forcing the British to retreat and saving upper New York from capture.
John C. Calhoun
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Land Act of 1820
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Gibbons v Ogden
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Land Act of 1820
Passed by Congress due to Westerners’ demands for cheap land.
Dartmouth College v Woodward
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Daniel Webster
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Dartmouth College v Woodward
- One of John Marshall’s best remembered decisions. Again enforced the idea that the Constitution protects contracts against state encroachments.
Dartmouth’s lawyer was Daniel Webster, an alum.
Cohens v Virginia
1821: The Cohens were found guilty by the VA Supreme Court of illegally selling lottery tickets. The Cohens appealed to the Supreme Court. The US Supreme Court upheld the VA court ruling of guilty.
But this was more consequential in terms of grabbing more power for the US Supreme Court. It basically held that the US Supreme Court had the power to review rulings of State Supreme Courts.
States Rights believers were very upset at this power shift from State to Federal government
isolationism
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Daniel Webster
Served for many years in both houses of Congress. Great speaker and statesman, he often argued in front of the Supreme Court, showing his federalist/nationalistic tendencies. C.J. Marshall usually agreed with him.
Battle of Pittsburgh
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