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Alimentary - Anatomy (Year 2) > C3:S1.2 - Gut Tube - Small & Large Intestine, Rectum and Anal Canal > Flashcards

C3:S1.2 - Gut Tube - Small & Large Intestine, Rectum and Anal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
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2
Q

Which part of the small intestine recieves the opening for the bile and pancreatic duct?

A

2nd part of the duodenum at the ampulla of vater.

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3
Q

Where is the midgut-foregut boundary?

A

Just inferior to the ampulla of vater.

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4
Q

How is the duodenum peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

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5
Q

How is the jejunum peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

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6
Q

How is the ileum peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

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7
Q

What are the differences between the jejunum and the ileum?

A

write this out

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8
Q

What are arterial arcades?

A

Arterial loops and arches

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9
Q

Which part of the small intestine has many small arterial arcades?

A

Ileum

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10
Q

Which of the autonomic divisions acts as a motility reducer and a vasocontrictor on the small intestine?

A

Sympathetic

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11
Q

What is the path of the sympathetic to the small intestine?

A

Greater splanchnic nerves T5 to L1/2

Leading to superior mesenteric ganglion and coeliac ganglion

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12
Q

How can the large intestine be differentiated from the small intestine?

A
  • Taeniae coli
  • Haustra
  • Epiploic appendages
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13
Q

What are taenia coli and what innervates them?

A

Longitudinal muscle that contracts to form the haustra.

Innervated by pelvic parasympathetic nerves.

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14
Q

What are haustra?

A
  • Sacculations in the colon
  • When they fill they distent and then contract to move chyme through the colon
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15
Q

What are epiploic appendages?

A

Small pockets of fat in the surrounding peritoneum

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16
Q

How is the caecum peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

17
Q

How is the ascending colon peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

18
Q

How is the transverse colon peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

19
Q

How is the descending colon peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

20
Q

How is the sigmoid colon peritonised?

A

Intraperitoneal

21
Q

Hint: LOOK AT WHERE THEY SUPPLY

A
  1. SMA
  2. Middle colic artery
  3. Marginal artery
  4. Right colic artery
  5. Iliocolic artery
  6. Appendicular artery
  7. Middle rectal artery
  8. Superior rectal artery
  9. Sigmoidal arteries
  10. Left colic
  11. IMA
22
Q

Where is the midgut/hindgut boundary?

A

2/3rds distally down the transverse colon (note the blood supply)

23
Q

In what abdominal region is the caecum and appendix?

A

Right Iliac Fossa (rec. Macburney’s point)

24
Q

What two structrures open into the cavity of the caecum?

A

Ileal orifice

Orifice of veniform appendix

25
Q

What is Macburney’s point?

A

Site of greatest intensity of pain in appendicitis - commonly located between the appendix and umbilicus

26
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the superior 1/3rd of the rectum? And the peritonisation

A
  • Superior rectal artery
  • Superior rectal vein

Retroperitoneal

27
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the middle 1/3rd of the rectum? And the peritonisation

A
  • Middle rectal artery
  • Middle rectal vein

Retroperitoneal

28
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the inferior 1/3rd of the rectum? And the peritonisation

A
  • Inferior rectal artery
  • Inferior rectal vein

Extraperitoneal

29
Q
A
  1. Gastric veins
  2. Portal vein
  3. Superior mesenteric vein
  4. Colic veins
  5. Appendicular
  6. Inferior and middle rectal veins
  7. Superior rectal veins
  8. Sigmoidal veins
  9. Left colic veins
  10. Inferior mesenteric vein
  11. Splenic vein
  12. Oesophageal veins
30
Q

Identify the superior, middle and inferior rectal folds

A

The folds of mucosa

31
Q

What is the function of the rectal folds?

A

Support faeces so as they don’t constantly infringe on the internal anal sphincter

32
Q

What is the role of the internal and external sphincters?

A

Internal (above pectinate line) - visceral nerve supply, when rectum is full this relaxes so that faeces put pressure on the external

External (below pectinate line) - somatic control, can be opened to allow defacation

33
Q

What arteries supply the anus below the pectinate line?

A

Branches of the internal iliac arteries

34
Q

What is the venous drainage of the anus below the pectinate line?

A

Into the porto caval anastomosis to enter the portal system

35
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the anus below the pectinate line?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Alimentary - Anatomy (Year 2) (19 decks)

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