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Alimentary - Anatomy (Year 2) > C3:S1.1 - Gut Tube - Oesophagus & Stomach > Flashcards

C3:S1.1 - Gut Tube - Oesophagus & Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oesophagus?

A
  • Muscular tube
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2
Q

How long is the oesophagus and what does it extend between?

A
  • 25cm
  • Pharynx to stomach
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3
Q

What are the 3 oesophageal constrictions?

A

Cervical

Thoracic

Diaphragmatic

READ THIS

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4
Q

What vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

T10

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5
Q

What nerve passes through the oesophageal opening?

A

Vagus

  • Anterior and posterior trunk
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6
Q

What lymph vessels pass through the oesophageal hiatus?

A

Paraoesophageal lymph vessels

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7
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the UPPER 1/3rd of the oesophagus?

A
  • Inferior thyroid artery
  • Inferior thyroid vein
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8
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the MIDDLE 1/3rd of the oesophagus?

A
  • Abdominal aorta
  • Azygous vein
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9
Q

What is the arterial supply and venous drainage of the ABDOMINAL oesophagus?

A
  • Left gastric artery
  • Left gastric vein
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10
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY

A

VENOUS DRAINAGE (the coronary vein is AKA the left gastric)

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11
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the upper 1/3rd, middle 1/3rd and abdominal oesophagus?

A

Upper - Deep cervical

Middle - Mediastinal

Abdominal - Coeliac lymph nodes

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of haematemesis?

A

Ruptured oesophageal varices from the portocaval anastomosis i.e. PORTAL HYPERTENSION

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13
Q

A. Identify this structure.

B. Name this area of the stomach.

C. Name this area of the stomach.

D. What are these folds in the mucosa called.

E. Name the area.

F. Name this ring of smooth muscle

G. Identify this

H. Name this area

I. Name this area of the stomach.

J. Name this area.

A

A. Oesophagus

B. Cardia

C. Fundus

D. Rugae

E. Lesser curvature

F. Pyloric sphincter

G. 1st Part of duodenum

H. Body

I. Pylorus

J. Greater curvature

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14
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

A ring of smooth muscle that increases mixing of stomach contents and allows food to enter the GI tract

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15
Q

What layer of the gut tube forms the pyloric sphincter and how does it do it?

A

Muscularis externa

  • Thickens at this area
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16
Q

What is congenital pyloric stenosis?

A

A birth defect caused by thickening of the pyloric muscle.

  • Projectile vomiting regularly
  • Leads to malnutrition
17
Q

What two organs is the stomach suspended between?

A
  • Liver
  • Transerse colon
18
Q

What two structures does the lesser omentum extend from?

A

Liver and lesser curvature

19
Q

What does the greater omentum extend from?

A

Greater curvature to the transverse colon

20
Q

How are rugae formed?

A

Mucosal layer folding over to allow expansion (similar to an accordian).

21
Q

In which portions of the stomach are rugae most apparent?

A

Greater curvature

Pyloric area

22
Q

Stomach bed

Dr

Satan

Sen

Kills

Patients

Cruelly

and

Mercilessly

A

Dr - Diaphragm (left crus)

Satan - Splenic artery

Sen - left suprarenal gland

Kills - left kidney

Patients - pancreas

Cruelly - left colic flexure (splenic)

Mercillesly - mesocolon (transverse)

23
Q

Label

A
  1. Probe through epiploic foramen
  2. Gall bladder
  3. Hepatic flexure
  4. Duodenum
  5. Greater omentum
  6. Pancreas
  7. Transverse mesocolon
  8. Transverse colon
  9. Splenic flexure
  10. Spleen
  11. Stomach
24
Q

What are the three muscular layers of the stomach?

A
  • Longitudinal
  • Circular
  • Oblique
25
Q
A
  1. Splenic Artery
  2. Left Gastric
  3. Coeliac trunk
  4. Left hepatic artery
  5. Right hepatic artery
  6. Cystic artery
  7. Common hepatic artery
  8. Right gastric artery
  9. Gastroduodenal artery
  10. Pancreaticoduodenal artery
  11. Right gastroepiploic artery
  12. Hepatic artery
  13. Left gastroepiploic artery
  14. Short gastric arteries
26
Q

How is the stomach drained of blood?

A

Hepatic portal system

27
Q

What are the 4 major groups of lymph nodes that drain the stomach?

A
  • Superior gastric
  • Supra pyloric
  • Pacreaticolineal
  • Inferior gastric
28
Q

What group of lymph nodes does the superior gastric, supraplyoric, pancreaticolineal and inferior gastric nodes eventually drain into?

A

Coeliac lymph nodes

29
Q

Where in the stomach is gastric cancer most common?

A

The greater curvature

30
Q

What nerve is the most important in controlling gastric motility?

A

The vagus nerve (CrN X)

31
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal tone on the pyloric sphincter?

A

Causes it to relax

32
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal tone on gastric secretion?

A

Increases

33
Q

What can a vagotomy be used to treat?

A
  • Due to the arrangement of vagal branches surgeons can bee highly selective.
  • Areas of the stomach that over produce gastric acid can be denervated but the pyloric antrum can remain innervated to ensure gastric motility is unnaffected.

Alimentary - Anatomy (Year 2) (19 decks)

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