C2:S5 - Kidneys, Suprarenals and Ureters

Question 1

Where do the kidneys lie (area of the abdomen and vertebral level?)

Answer 1

Posterior abdominal wall betwee T12 and L3

Question 2

What are the 3 main structures that enter/leave the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 2

1. Renal vein
2. Renal artery
3. Pelvis of the ureter

Question 3

What is the order of structures from anterior to posterior entering/leaving the hilum of the kidney?

Answer 3

Renal vein

Renal artery

Renal pelvis (ureter)

Question 4

How are the kidneys peritonised?

Answer 4

Retroperitoneal

Question 5

What sits directly anterior to the right kidney?

Answer 5

Head of the pancreas

1st and 2nd duodenum

Question 6

What is the anatomical location of the suprarenal gland?

Answer 6

Superior to the kidneys at the level of T12. Anterior to the posterior 12th rib

Question 7

Identify the labels

Answer 7

1. Suprarenal glands
2. Vena Cava
3. Aorta
4. Body of kidney
5. Ureter (just distal to renal pelvis)

Question 8

What is significant about the left renal vein?

Answer 8

Has to cross over abdominal aorta to reach the IVC.

Question 9

What type of tissue are the ureters?

Answer 9

Muscular

Question 10

What is the most proximal ureter constriction between the kidney and the bladder?

Answer 10

At the pelviureteric junction (junction between ureters and renal pelvis)

Question 11

What condition can occur with a very narrow pelviureteric junction?

Answer 11

Hydronephrosis

Question 12

What is the middle contrsiction site of the ureters?

Answer 12

At the major iliac vessels

Question 13

What is the most distal ureter constriction site?

Answer 13

The vesicoureteric junction (between the ureters and the bladder)

Question 14

What is the bilareral action of the psoas major contracting?

Answer 14

Flexion of the trunk