C3 Quantitative Chemistry (Part 1) Flashcards
What is the law of conservation of mass?
The law of conservation of mass states that no atoms are lost or made
during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the mass
of the reactants.
Write a balanced equation of magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid.
Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Define relative formula mass.
RFM - sum of relative atomic masses of all atoms in the formula.
How can you increase the precision of experiment results?
Measure to more decimal places or use a more sensitive balance / apparatus
What is Avogadro’s constant?
The number of atoms, molecules or ions in a mole of a given substance. The value of the constant is 6.02 x 1023.
What is the formula that links mass, molecular mass and moles together
Mass = Mr x Moles
What is the mass of: 20 moles of calcium carbonate, CaCO3
Mass = Mr x Moles
Mr = 100
100 x 20 = 2000 g
Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide
in moles in 0.32 g of carbon dioxide.
Relative atomic masses (Ar):
carbon = 12
oxygen = 16
CO2 = 12 + 16x2 = 44
Moles = Mass / Mr
0.32 / 44 = 0.007
Nitrogen and hydrogen form ammonia shown by the following equation:
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g)
Calculate the mass of nitrogen needed to form 6.8 tonnes of ammonia.
Relative atomic masses (Ar):
H = 1
N = 14
Step 1 - Work out the number of number of moles of ammonia
(Mr of ammonia = 17)
6800000 / 17 = 400000 moles of ammonia
Step 2 - Use the balanced equation and number of moles of ammonia to work out the number of moles of nitrogen
The ratio of nitrogen to ammonia is 1:2
Therefore the number of moles of nitrogen is 400000/2 = 200000
Step 3 - Work out the mass of nitrogen
(Mr of N2 is 28)
200000 x 28 = 5600000 g = 5.6 tonnes.
Why do we have a reactant in excess?
What is a limiting reactant?
In a chemical reaction involving two reactants, it is common to use an
excess of one of the reactants to ensure that all of the other reactant is
used.
The reactant that is completely used up is called the limiting reactant because it limits the amount of products.
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes in water to form water and oxygen. How many grams of oxygen gas will be given off from 40.8 g of hydrogen peroxide?
Step 1: Write the balanced equation 2 H2O2(l) → 2 H2O + O2(g)
Mr of H2O2 = 34
Step 2: Number of moles in 40.8 g : 40.8/34 = 1.2 moles
Ratio in the balanced equation of H2O2 : O2 = 2:1
Step 3 :Therefore number of moles of O2
= 0.6 moles
Step 4: Mass of oxygen = 0.6 x 32 (Mr of O2) = 19.2