C3 - Chemicals of the natural environment Flashcards
What is metallic bonding
Bond between metals
What type of structures are metals
Giant structures
What keeps the metal bonded together
The opposite electrostatic charges between the positive ions and the negative delocalised electrons
Why do metals have high melting points
Because the electrostatic forces are very strong
What is an ionic bond
A bond between a metal and a non metal
What is left out of ionic equations
Something that is the same on both sides of the equation
How do you write an ionic equation
Break up everything that forms ions
When do metals displace other metals
The more reactive metal will displace the less reactive one
What is it called when something gains oxygen in a reaction
Oxidation
What must you never include in a half equation
minus electrons, always put them on the other side
What is it called when something loses electrons
oxidation
What is it called when something gains electrons
reduction
What is the negative elctrode
Cathode
What is a covalent bond
A bond between two non metals
How do covalent bonds work
The two atoms SHARE electrons
Are the covalent bonds inside the molecule strong or weak
Strong
Are the intermolecular forces between covalent molecules strong or weak
weak, meaning covalent substances have a low melting point
What is the empirical formula
lowest ratio of elements molecules
Does methane have a double bond
no
Does methene have a double bond
yes
What makes a hydrocarbon runny
shorter = more runny
What’s more volatile, long or short chain hydrocarbons
short
What’s more flammable, long or short chain hydrocarbons
shorter
Whats the functional group for alkane
C-C
Hydrocarbon + oxygen =
Carbon dioxide + water
≈what is the gain of electrons in electrolysis called
reduction
what is the loss of electrons in electrolysis called
oxidisation
do the positive ions gain or lose electrons at the cathode
gain
If a metal oxide has a high melting point, how do u reduce it.
Mix it with cryolite
When are electrolysis reactions needed
To separate the metal from its metal oxide, IF it cannot be displaced by carbon because it is more reactive.
Why do u need to melt down the metal oxide for electrolysis
So the ions can move to their designated electrode
In solution electrolysis, what determines what will be made at the cathode
If the metal ion is more reactive than hydrogen, then the H+ ions present in the water will be discharged, and released as hydrogen gas
What is the half equation for OH- ions forming water and oxygen
4OH- —-> 2H2O + O2 + 4e-
In solution electrolysis, what determines what will be made at the anode
If the ion contains a halogen, it will be discharged. If it does not, then the OH- ions will be released as water and oxygen
