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GCSE Chemistry > C2 - Chemical patterns > Flashcards

C2 - Chemical patterns Flashcards

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1
Q

What is crude oil

A

A mixture of different hydrocarbons

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2
Q

What are hydrocarbons with lots of carbon atoms called

A

Long chain hydrocarbons

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3
Q

What are hydrocarbons with few carbon atoms called

A

Short chain hydrocarbons

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4
Q

What is the process of fractional distillation

A

We evaporate the crude oil, and different length hydrocarbons evaporate at different temperatures.

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5
Q

How wide are atoms

A

0.1mn

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6
Q

What does abundance of an element mean

A

how common it is

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7
Q

What is a molecule

A

A group of 2 or more atoms, chemically bonded

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8
Q

What is a compound

A

A group of 2 or more elements, chemically bonded

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9
Q

What is a mixture

A

2 or more substances which are NOT chemically bonded

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10
Q

Are the elements in mixtures easily seperated

A

Yes

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11
Q

Is water a compound

A

Yes

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12
Q

Is H2 a compound

A

No

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13
Q

Can molecules be huge structures?

A

No

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14
Q

What do we have if a solid which doesnt dissolved is mixed into a liquid

A

mixture

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15
Q

What do we have if a solid is dissolved in a liquid

A

a solution

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16
Q

What is filtration

A

Separates insoluble solids from liquids, uses filter paper

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17
Q

What is evaporation (to separate a solution)

A

Placing the solution over a bunsen burner, which will cause the solvent to evaporate, leaving behind crystals of solute

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18
Q

What are the prod of evaporation

A

Quick and easy

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19
Q

What are the cons of evaporation

A

Some solids will decompose when they are heated up, which is called thermal decomposition

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20
Q

What is the process of crystalisation

A

place the solution in a warm bath, and when you start to see crystallization, remove the solution from the heating source, and as solutes are less soluble at lower temperatures, more crystals will form

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21
Q

When drawing the arrangement of electrons in a ion, what must you always add

A

Square brackets and the charge in the top right

22
Q

What is ionic bonding

A

A bond between a metal and a non metal

23
Q

What colour is bromine

A

reddish brown

24
Q

Write a half equation for a Cl -1 ion (chlorine needs to gain 1 electron)

A

Cl + e- —> Cl-

25
Q

What is necessary for ionic bonds to attract each other

A

They need to have opposite charges

26
Q

Is an ionic bond strong or weak

A

Strong

27
Q

What does aq mean in chemistry

A

A solution NOT just a liquid

28
Q

What is a saturated molecule

A

A molecule containing only single bonds

29
Q

What do alkalis form when they dissolve in water?

A

OH- ions(the metal hydroxide)

30
Q

What is required for corrosion to take place

A

Oxygen and water

31
Q

What are Alkali metals

A

Group one elements

32
Q

What are the properties of Alkali metals

A

Soft, highly reactive, low melting point

33
Q

What 3 things do alkali metals react with

A

Oxygen, Water and group 7

34
Q

Why are alkali metals reactive

A

Because they only need to lose one electron

35
Q

What type of ion do Alkali metals form

A

+1 ion

36
Q

Why do Alkali metals become more reactive as you go down the group

A

Because the outermost shell gets further away from the nuclei, so the forces keeping it in are weaker

37
Q

What happens when you react an alkali metal with water

A

Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

38
Q

At which element in the alkali metals, is the energy enough to ignite the hydrogen has

A

Potassium onwards

39
Q

What is formed when a alkali metal (group 1), reacts with a group 7

A

A white salt

40
Q

What is formed when an alkali metal reacts with oxygen

A

it forms a metal oxide

41
Q

can liquid ionic compounds conduct electricity

A

Yes, because the ions are free to move

42
Q

What does it mean if a molecule is saturated

A

Only single bonds

43
Q

How do alcohols compare to alkanes

A

Almost identical, but with OH instead of one H

44
Q

What are the properties of alcohol

A

Flammable
Soluble
Can be oxidised, which forms a carboxylic acid

45
Q

What is formed if an alcohol is oxidised

A

A carboxylic acid

46
Q

What is the functional group for carboxylic acid

A

. O
//
C
\
O – H

47
Q

What are some uses of alcohols

A

Can be used as fuel
Can be used as solvents

48
Q

Why are alcohols used as solvents

A

Because they can dissolve things that water can’t, e.g fats

49
Q

Are carboxylic acids strong or weak

A

Weak

50
Q

What does it mean if an acid is weak

A

Not all its hydrogen atoms will ionise

51
Q

What equation shows the equilibrium between the ionized and non ionised molecules in carboxylic acid

A

Carboxylic acid ⇌ Carboxylic minus ion + Hydrogen plus ion

52
Q

What is the name of the carboxylic ion formed when dissolved in water

A

Anoate. E.G methanoate

GCSE Chemistry (7 decks)

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