C2 - Chemical patterns Flashcards
What is crude oil
A mixture of different hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons with lots of carbon atoms called
Long chain hydrocarbons
What are hydrocarbons with few carbon atoms called
Short chain hydrocarbons
What is the process of fractional distillation
We evaporate the crude oil, and different length hydrocarbons evaporate at different temperatures.
How wide are atoms
0.1mn
What does abundance of an element mean
how common it is
What is a molecule
A group of 2 or more atoms, chemically bonded
What is a compound
A group of 2 or more elements, chemically bonded
What is a mixture
2 or more substances which are NOT chemically bonded
Are the elements in mixtures easily seperated
Yes
Is water a compound
Yes
Is H2 a compound
No
Can molecules be huge structures?
No
What do we have if a solid which doesnt dissolved is mixed into a liquid
mixture
What do we have if a solid is dissolved in a liquid
a solution
What is filtration
Separates insoluble solids from liquids, uses filter paper
What is evaporation (to separate a solution)
Placing the solution over a bunsen burner, which will cause the solvent to evaporate, leaving behind crystals of solute
What are the prod of evaporation
Quick and easy
What are the cons of evaporation
Some solids will decompose when they are heated up, which is called thermal decomposition
What is the process of crystalisation
place the solution in a warm bath, and when you start to see crystallization, remove the solution from the heating source, and as solutes are less soluble at lower temperatures, more crystals will form
When drawing the arrangement of electrons in a ion, what must you always add
Square brackets and the charge in the top right
What is ionic bonding
A bond between a metal and a non metal
What colour is bromine
reddish brown
Write a half equation for a Cl -1 ion (chlorine needs to gain 1 electron)
Cl + e- —> Cl-
What is necessary for ionic bonds to attract each other
They need to have opposite charges
Is an ionic bond strong or weak
Strong
What does aq mean in chemistry
A solution NOT just a liquid
What is a saturated molecule
A molecule containing only single bonds
What do alkalis form when they dissolve in water?
OH- ions(the metal hydroxide)
What is required for corrosion to take place
Oxygen and water
What are Alkali metals
Group one elements
What are the properties of Alkali metals
Soft, highly reactive, low melting point
What 3 things do alkali metals react with
Oxygen, Water and group 7
Why are alkali metals reactive
Because they only need to lose one electron
What type of ion do Alkali metals form
+1 ion
Why do Alkali metals become more reactive as you go down the group
Because the outermost shell gets further away from the nuclei, so the forces keeping it in are weaker
What happens when you react an alkali metal with water
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
At which element in the alkali metals, is the energy enough to ignite the hydrogen has
Potassium onwards
What is formed when a alkali metal (group 1), reacts with a group 7
A white salt
What is formed when an alkali metal reacts with oxygen
it forms a metal oxide
can liquid ionic compounds conduct electricity
Yes, because the ions are free to move
What does it mean if a molecule is saturated
Only single bonds
How do alcohols compare to alkanes
Almost identical, but with OH instead of one H
What are the properties of alcohol
Flammable
Soluble
Can be oxidised, which forms a carboxylic acid
What is formed if an alcohol is oxidised
A carboxylic acid
What is the functional group for carboxylic acid
. O
//
C
\
O – H
What are some uses of alcohols
Can be used as fuel
Can be used as solvents
Why are alcohols used as solvents
Because they can dissolve things that water can’t, e.g fats
Are carboxylic acids strong or weak
Weak
What does it mean if an acid is weak
Not all its hydrogen atoms will ionise
What equation shows the equilibrium between the ionized and non ionised molecules in carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid ⇌ Carboxylic minus ion + Hydrogen plus ion
What is the name of the carboxylic ion formed when dissolved in water
Anoate. E.G methanoate
