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Chemistry GCSE > C3-C4 ATOMS, PERIODIC TABLE > Flashcards

C3-C4 ATOMS, PERIODIC TABLE Flashcards

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1
Q

Particle

A

The tiny pieces that all matter is made from

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2
Q

Atom

A

The smallest independent particle everything is made of atoms

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3
Q

Size of atoms

A

About 1 x 10-10 m in diameter

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4
Q

Daltons model of atoms

A 
The tiny hard spheres 
Can’t be broken down 
 Can’t be created or destroyed 
Atoms of an element are identical 
Different elements have different atoms
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5
Q

Subatomic particles

A

Smaller particles that atoms are made from

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6
Q

Proton

A 
Mass = 1 
Charge = +1 
Location = nucleus
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7
Q

Neutron

A

Mass=1
Charge = 0
Location = nucleus

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8
Q

Electron

A 
Mass = 1/1835 (negligible) 
Charge = -1
Location= shells orbiting nucleus
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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Central part of an atom 100,000 times smaller than the overall atom

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10
Q

Alpha particle

A

Small positively charged particle made of two protons and two neutrons

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11
Q

Scattering

A

When particles bounce back or change direction

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12
Q

Rutherfords experiment

A

Fired alpha particles at gold leaf, used a phosphor-coated screen to track where they want

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13
Q

Rutherfolds results

A

Most alpha particles went through, some scattered (change direction)

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14
Q

Rutherfords explanation

A

Scattered particles hit a solid nucleus most did not hit it therefore nucleus is small

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15
Q

Atomic number

A

The bottom number on the periodic table gives the number of protons and electrons

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16
Q

Atomic mass

A

The top number on the periodic game , gives the total protons and neutrons together

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17
Q

Number of protons

A

The atomic number

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18
Q

Number of electrons

A

The atomic number

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19
Q

Number of neutrons

A

Atomic mass minus the atomic number

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20
Q

Number of protons and electrons

A

Equal, because each negative electron is attracted to a positive proton in the nucleus

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21
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

22
Q

Decribing isotopes

A

Mass after the name (e.g. boron-10) or superscript mass before the symbol (10B)

23
Q

Nuclear fission

A

Large unstable atoms break into two smaller stable ones

24
Q

Uses of fission

A

Nuclear power , nuclear weapons

25
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

The weighted average of the masses of all the isotopes of an element

26
Q

Isotopic abundance

A

The percentage of an element this is made of a particular isotope

27
Q

Calculating

A

Multiply each mass by the decimal %

Add these up

28
Q

Dmitri Mendeleev

A

Russian chemist developed the periodic table

29
Q

Mendeleevs periodic table

A

Ordered by increasing A some elements switched according to their properties

30
Q

Chemical properties

A

Includes reaction with acid and formula of oxide

31
Q

Physical properties

A

Includes melting point and density

32
Q

Gaps in menedeleevs periodic table

A

Menedeleev left gaps where no element fitted and predicted these would be filled with newly discovered elements

33
Q

Eka aluminium

A

An element that menedeleev thought would fill a gap

He predicted its properties which matched gallium when discovered

34
Q

Noble gases

A

Gases that do not react : he, ne, ar, kr

35
Q

Moseleys experiment

A

Fired electrons at samples of elements and measured X-rays produced

36
Q

Moseleys results

A

Energy of x-rays produced proportional to the positive charge of the element

37
Q

Conc, from moseleys work

A

The atomic number must be the number of protons in the atoms

38
Q

Pair reversals

A

Elements (like ar and k) that are not in order in increasing mass

39
Q

Explaining pair reversals

A

It means elements should be order elements by increasing atomic number instead

40
Q

Shells

A

Electrons orbit atoms in shells

41
Q

First shell

A

Hold up to two electrons

42
Q

Second shell

A

Holds up to eight electrons

43
Q

Third shell

A

Holds up to eight electrons

44
Q

Number of electrons

A

Given by the atomic number

45
Q

Filling shells

A

Fills shells from the first shell out

Move up a shell when current one is full

46
Q

Electron configuration

A

The number of electrons in each shell

E.g. Al is 2.8.3

47
Q

Outer shell

A

The last shell with any electrons in it

48
Q

Groups

A

Columns in the periodic table , tell you the number of electrons in the outer shell

49
Q

Groups

A

Columns in the periodic table, tell you the number of electrons in the outer shell

50
Q

Periods

A

Rows in the periodic table, tell you the number of electron shells

Chemistry GCSE (8 decks)

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