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Chemistry GCSE > C1-C2 STATES OF MATTER AND SEPARATING SUBSTANCES > Flashcards

C1-C2 STATES OF MATTER AND SEPARATING SUBSTANCES Flashcards

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1
Q

Particle

A

The ting pieces that all matter is made from

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2
Q

Aron

A

The smallest independent particle everything is made of atoms

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3
Q

Molecule

A

A particle made from two or more atoms bonded together

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4
Q

States of matter

A

Whether a substance is solid , liquid or gas

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5
Q

Particle model

A

A theory ghat uses the idea is particles to explain the differences between solids, liquids or gases

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6
Q

Solid

A

Particle arrangement : regular pattern, touching each other

Particle movement : moving around

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7
Q

Liquid

A

Particle arrangement: random , touching each other

Particle movement : moving around

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8
Q

Gas

A

Particle arrangement: random

Particle movement: moving quickly

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9
Q

State changes

A 
Solid to liquid=melting 
Liquid to solid=freezing 
Liquid to gas=evaporating it boiling 
Gas to liquid=condensation 
Solid to gas=sublimation 
Gas to solid=deposition
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10
Q

Heating curbs for a pure substance

A

Temperature rises as you heat a solid, levels out as it melts, continues rising once fully liquid, levels out whilst boiling and rises again one fully gas

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11
Q

Element

A

A substance made from only one type of atom

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12
Q

Compound

A

A substance made from two or more different elements bonded together

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13
Q

Mixture

A

A substance made of two of more substances (elements of compounds) mixed but not bonded together

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14
Q

Melting point of mixtures

A

Mixtures do not melt at a fixed temperature but melt gradually over a range of temperatures

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15
Q

Heating curves of mixtures

A

The flat sections of the heating curves of a pure substances are sloped for a mixture

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16
Q

Dissolve

A

When a substance mixes with a liquid by breaking down into individual particles (atoms or molecules)

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17
Q

Soluble

A

When a substance can be dissolved by a liquid

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18
Q

Insoluble

A

When a substance can’t be dissolved by a liquid

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19
Q

Filtration

A

A method of separating a mixture of a liquid and an insoluble solid by passing it through a filter paper

20
Q

Residue

A

The solid that gets left behind I’m the filter paper

21
Q

Filtrate

A

The liquid that passes through the filter paper

22
Q

How filtration works

A

The filter paper contains many tiny holes

The water molecules are small enough to pass through the holes, the solid particles are too big and get trapped

23
Q

Solution

A

A mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent

24
Q

Solvent

A

A liquid ghat has dissolved a substance , for example water

25
Q

Solute

A

A solid that has been dissolved , for example salt

26
Q

Crystallisation

A

A method of collecting the dissolved solid from a solution by beating it so that the solvent evaporated away

27
Q

Risk of crystallisation

A

As the solvent boils away, the hot solution can split, so you should wear safety Google’s to protect your eyes

28
Q

Paper chromatography

A

A method of separating out mixtures of liquids to show what is in them by letting them travel up a piece of chromatography paper

29
Q

Chromatography method

A

1) draw pencil line on paper
2) place sample spot on line
3) place paper in solvent, with solvent below pencil line
4) allow solvent to soak up the paper
5) stop when solvent near top and mark how far it gets

30
Q

Stationary phase

A

The substance the solvent moves through - usually paper

31
Q

Mobile phase

A

The solvent

32
Q

Rf

Retardation factor

A

Rf =spot distance/ solvent distance

33
Q

Uses of rf

A

Rf enables you to identity a substance because for a given solvent and stationary phases, it is unique to each substance

34
Q

Uses of chromatography

A

To tell between pure and impure substances
To identify substances by comparison with known ones
To identity substances by calculating Rf

35
Q

Distillation

A

A method used to collect pure liquid from a solution, such as getting pure water from seawater

36
Q

Condenser

A

A glass tube surrounded by a glass jacket containing cold tap water . Used to condense gases back to liquids

37
Q

How distillation works

A

The solution is heated until it is hot enough for the solvent to boil. The solvent. Is then passed through a cool condenser where it turns back to liquid. The solute does not get hot enough to evaporate and stays where it is

38
Q

Anti-bumping granules

A

Jagged grains of glass that are added during distillation to prevent violent boiling

39
Q

Fractional distillation

A

A type of distillation used to separate mixtures of two or more liquids

40
Q

How fractional distillation works

A

The liquid with the lowest boiling point boils first and can be collected, then the next boils and so on

41
Q

Fractionating column

A

A tall glass column used during fractional distillation that gives a better separation of the liquids by producing a temperature gradient

42
Q

Portable water

A

Water that is safe to drink

43
Q

Desalination

A

Producing pure water from seawater

44
Q

Purifying seawater

A

The seawater is distilled: heating the water to produce water vapour and condensing it back to liquid. Uses lots of enters

45
Q

Uses of pure water

A

Pure water has to be used when chemists analyse substances to fins out what they contain. Tap water contains many dissolved substances that could interfere with this

46
Q

Water treatment in the UK

A

Water is passed through a sedimentation tank, to allow sediment to settle out, it is passed through a filtration tower to remove floating particles, chlorine is added to kill bacteria

Chemistry GCSE (8 decks)

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