C3(Bonding,Structure and The Proporties Of Matter)

Question 1

What is an ion ?

Answer 1

Charged particles that has either lost or gained an electron.

Question 2

What is a covalent bond ?

Answer 2

A bond between non-metals when electrons are shared between non metal atoms.

Question 3

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 3

A bond between a non-metal and a metal.The outer electrons are transferred from the metal atom to the non-metal atom.

Question 4

Explain what happens in ionic bonding with a group 1 noble gas metal.

Answer 4

Group 1 metals lose 1 electron , forming a 1+ ion.

Question 5

Explain what happens in ionic bonding with a group 7 halogen non-metal.

Answer 5

Group 7 non-metals gain 1 electron ,forming a 1- ion.

Question 6

Explain what happens in ionic bonding with a group 1 noble gas metal and a group 7 halogen metal.

Answer 6

Both ions now have a full outer energy level (just like noble gases).

Question 7

How are metals able to conduct electricity ?

Answer 7

The electrons in the outer shells of the atoms are delocalised-this means they are free to move through the whole structure.The positive metal ions are then attracted to these delocalised electrons by the electrostatic force of attraction.

Question 8

Name the three main types of covalent structures ?

Answer 8

Giant covalent, small molecules, large molecules.

Question 9

Explain the structure of positive and negative ions in a giant ionic lattice .

Answer 9

Every positive ion is surrounded by negative ions and every negative ion is surrounded by positive ions.

Question 10

Why is a giant ionic lattice formed?

Answer 10

Because ionic compounds form giant structures.

Question 11

What type of structure is a giant ionic lattice ?

Answer 11

A 3D(three dimensional) structure.

Question 12

What are the very strong forces of attraction between positive and negative ions in a giant ionic lattice called ?

Answer 12

Electrostatic forces of attraction.

Question 13

What do the strong electrostatic forces of attraction in a giant ionic lattice do?

Answer 13

Hold the positive and negative ions in place.

Question 14

What are the electrostatic forces of attraction between positive and negative ions in a giant ionic lattice also called , and what direction do they act in?

Answer 14

Ionic bonds , which act in all directions.

Question 15

Do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points, if so ,why?

Answer 15

Ionic compounds DO have very high melting and boiling points because the strong electrostatic forces of attraction require a great deal of heat energy to break.

Question 16

How do the electrostatic forces of attraction break in an ionic solid when enough heat energy has been applied?

Answer 16

As we heat the ionic solid, the particles vibrate. When the particles vibrate with enough energy, the electrostatic forces of attraction break, and the solid melts.

Question 17

Explain why ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity when solid, but can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water.

Answer 17

In order for a substance to conduct electricity,it must contain charged particles that are free to move and carry the charge. The ions in a solid compound are held in place in the rigged lattice structure, so can’t move around. When an ionic compound melts, the ionic bonds break and the ions become free to move and can carry an electric charge.

Question 18

Describe some limitations of using dot and cross diagrams to represent ionic bonding.

Answer 18

Dot and cross diagrams don’t show the structure of the compound, the size of the ions or how the ions are arranged.

Question 19

What does ionic bonding produce?

Answer 19

Ions which have the electronic structure of a noble gas.

Question 20

Is H2 a covalent bond?

Answer 20

Yes, because hydrogen is a non-metal and two of that is a covalent bond as the hydrogen atoms bonded together.

Question 21

In the covalent bond; H2, how are they shown to bond in the diagram?

Answer 21

The two hydrogen atoms overlap their energy levels and they share their electrons in the middle.

Question 22

How many electrons does each atom donate in a single covalent bond?

Answer 22

The atoms in a single covalent bond donate one electron each.

Question 23

True or false?non-metal atoms can form covalent bonds with each other.

Answer 23

True -covalent bonds only form between non-metal atoms.

Question 24

What is the name of the type of diagram in which the covalent bonds are shown as single lines between the atoms?

Answer 24

Displayed formula.

Question 25

To work out the molecular formula of a displayed formula diagram, you count how many atoms there are of each type, so if there were three C atoms and eight H atoms , what would the molecular formula be ?

Answer 25

C3H8

Question 26

Limitations of using a displayed formula diagram to represent a molecule?

Answer 26

It doesn’t show the 3D structure of the molecule, it also doesn’t give you any information about which atoms the electrons in the covalent bonds have come from.