C1(Atomic Structure) Flashcards
What is an atom?
An atom is the basic unit of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
What are the subatomic particles of an atom?
The subatomic particles are:
Protons (positive charge, located in the nucleus)
Neutrons (no charge, located in the nucleus)
Electrons (negative charge, orbit the nucleus)
What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?
Relative mass: 1
Charge: +1
What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?
Relative mass: 1
Charge: 0
What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?
Relative mass: 1/1836(practically nothing )
Charge: -1
What is the atomic number?
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus. It determines the element.
What is the mass number?
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Number of neutrons = Mass number - Atomic number
What is an isotope?
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a charged particle.
What is a positive ion (cation)?
An atom that has lost electrons, resulting in a positive charge.
What is a negative ion (anion)?
An atom that has gained electrons, resulting in a negative charge.
How is an atom arranged ?
The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus in the centre with electrons orbiting the nucleus at fixed rates.
What is the electronic configuration of an atom?
The electronic configuration shows the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s energy levels (shells).
Example: Oxygen (atomic number 8) has the electronic configuration 2, 6.
What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit in the first three electron shells?
1st shell: 2 electrons
2nd shell: 8 electrons
3rd shell: 8 electrons
What is the periodic table?
The periodic table is an arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number, where elements with similar properties are grouped in columns (groups).
What are the groups in the periodic table?
Groups are vertical columns in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.
What are the periods in the periodic table?
Periods are horizontal rows in the periodic table. As you move across a period, the atomic number increases, and elements change from metals to non-metals.
What is the charge of an atom in its neutral state?
An atom in its neutral state has no charge because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
What is the relationship between protons and electrons in a neutral atom?
In a neutral atom, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
What is the use of the atomic number in the periodic table?
The atomic number determines the element’s identity and its position in the periodic table. It indicates the number of protons in an atom’s nucleus.
What is a chemical symbol?
A chemical symbol is a one- or two-letter notation used to represent an element.
For example, O for oxygen, Na for sodium.
How is the structure of the atom related to its position in the periodic table?
The number of electrons and the arrangement of electrons in an atom’s energy shells determine its chemical properties and position in the periodic table.
What is a mass spectrometer used for?
A mass spectrometer is used to determine the relative abundance and mass of isotopes of an element.
What is the relative atomic mass?
The relative atomic mass is the weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element, relative to the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
What is the difference between relative atomic mass and mass number?
Relative atomic mass: The average mass of an element’s atoms, taking into account isotopes.
Mass number: The total number of protons and neutrons in a specific isotope.
What is an ionization energy?
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in their gaseous state.
What trends are observed in the periodic table in terms of atomic size, ionization energy, and electronegativity?
Atomic size: Increases down a group and decreases across a period.
Ionization energy: Decreases down a group and increases across a period.
Electronegativity: Decreases down a group and increases across a period.
What are the noble gases, and why are they unreactive?
The noble gases (Group 18) are chemically inert because their outer electron shells are full, making them stable and unlikely to form bonds.
What is the Bohr model of the atom?
The Bohr model suggests that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed paths or energy levels (shells).
What is the Rutherford model of the atom?
The Rutherford model proposed that an atom has a small, dense nucleus containing protons, with electrons orbiting outside the nucleus.
What was the discovery of the electron?
The electron was discovered by J.J. Thomson in 1897 through experiments with cathode rays.
How would you balance this equation : ‘Mg +02 —> Mg0 ‘?
2Mg + 02 —-> 2Mg0
How to calculate Relative Atomic Mass(Ar)?
