C3

Question 1

Name 2 features of a solid

Answer 1

Fixed shape and volume

Question 2

Name 2 features of a liguid

Answer 2

Fixed volume but not a fixed shape

Question 3

Name 2 features of a gas

Answer 3

No fixed shape or volume

Question 4

What do elements react to form?

Answer 4

Compounds

Question 5

How do elements form compounds?

Answer 5

By gaining or losing electrons or by sharing electrons

Question 6

How are ionic compounds held togetherv

Answer 6

By strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions

Question 7

What groups form ionic compounds?

Answer 7

Group 1 and 7
2 and 6

Question 8

When are covalent bonds formed?

Answer 8

When atoms of non-metals share pairs of electrons

Question 9

What is a result of giant covalent structures?

Answer 9

A rigid giant covalent lattice

Question 10

Give an example of a substance that has a giant covalent structure

Answer 10

Diamond

Question 11

Do substances of simple molecules have high or low melting points?

Answer 11

Low

Question 12

Why do forces between simple molecules have low boiling and melting points?

Answer 12

They have weak intermolecular forces meaning their structures are easily broken down with little energy.

Question 13

Why can’t simple molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 13

As they have no overall charge

Question 14

Do covalently bonded substances have high or low melting and boiling points?

Answer 14

High

Question 15

Why can layers of covalently bonded carbon atoms slide over each other in giant covalent structures?

Answer 15

As their are no covalent bonds between the layers

Question 16

What makes diamond a very hard substance?

Answer 16

The carbon atoms have a rigid giant covalent structure

Question 17

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 17

As it has a delocalised electron that can move along its layers

Question 18

What can carbon also form aswell as diamond and graphite?

Answer 18

Fullerenes

Question 19

What is the use of fullerenes?

Answer 19

A transport mechanism for drugs to specific sites in the body

Question 20

How many carbon molecules make a fullerene?

Answer 20

60

Question 21

How can you grow silver crystals?

Answer 21

By suspending a coiled length of copper wire in silver nitrate solution.

Question 22

Why can metals be bent?

Answer 22

As the layers of atoms in a giant metallic structure can slide over each other

Question 23

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Answer 23

Because the regular layers in a pure metal are distorted by atoms of different sizes in an alloy

Question 24

What allows electricity and thermal energy to be transferred through a metal?

Answer 24

A delocalised electron

Question 25

What is nanoscience?

Answer 25

The study of small particles that are between 1 and 100nm in size

Question 26

Why may some nano particles have different properties from those for the same materials?

Answer 26

As they have a high surface area to volume ratio with a high percentage of their atoms exposed at their surface

Question 27

What are 2 risks of nano particles?

Answer 27

They are at a high risk of explosion and breathing them in can damage the lungs

Question 28

What are 2 uses of nano particles?

Answer 28

Coating windows and sun cream