C2.5 Organic Chemistry Flashcards by Michael McEntee

What is a homologous series?

A family of organic compounds where members have

Same general formula
Similar chemical properties
Show gradation in physical properties
Differ successively by a CH2 Unit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the general formula of Alkenes?

CnH2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the general formula for alcohols?

CnH2n+1OH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?

CnH2nO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a hydrocarbon?

A compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the functional group of an alkane?

None

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the functional group of an alkene?

Double bond

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

COOH

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a crude oil?

A finite resource which will run out which is a mixture of hydrocarbons of different sizes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain the 4 stages of fractional distillation

Crude oil enters fractioning column as hot gas

Hot gas moves up column

Temperature decreases going up column

Each fraction condenses when it hits it’s own boiling point and is then removed from column

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is refinery gas used as?

Fuel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is petrol used as? (40C)

Fuel in cars

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is naphtha used in? (110)

Used in chemical production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is kerosene used as? (180C)

Jet fuel

What is diesel oil used as? (260C)

Fuel for diesel engines

What is residue used as? (340C)

Fuel for ships
Lubricating oil
Road surfaces

What is cracking?

The breakdown of large saturated hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones, some of which are unsaturated.

What does cracking require to be completed?

A catalyst or high temperatures

What does complete combustion produce in Alkanes, alkenes and alcohols?

CO2 and Water

What does incomplete combustion produce in Alkanes, alkenes and alcohols?

Carbon monoxide (CO), Water and soot (only if there is a high carbon content)

What affect does CO2 lead to?

Green house affect

What does carbon monoxide and soot lead to damage of?

The lungs

What does sulfur oxides from impurities in coal lead to?

Acid rain

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

Unsaturated

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

Saturated

What happens when an alkane is mixed with bromine water?

No reaction and it doesn't decolour the water

What happens when an alkene is mixed with bromine water?

Reaction occurs and decolours the water

What is a monomer?

Small individual molecules that join together to form long molecules called polymers

Etehene is a monomer, what is it's polymer form?

Polythene

Vinyle chloride is a monomer, what is it's polymer form?

PVC

Ethanol can be made through fermentation, what 4 things does it need?

Yeast Sugar Solution Warmth Anerobic condition

Through the first 4 alkanes, what is the state at room temp and pressure?

Gas

Through the first 4 alkenes, what is the state at room temp and pressure?

Gas

Through the first 4 alcohols, what is the state at room temp and pressure?

Liquid

Through the first 4 carboxylic acids, what is the state at room temp and pressure?

Liquid

What reagent is used to prove a substance has an alkene?

Bromine water

If the test for an alkene is positive, state the colour change.

Brown to colourless