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CCEA GCSE DAS Chemistry 2 (FT) > C2.5 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

C2.5 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A family of organic compounds where members have

Same general formula
Similar chemical properties
Show gradation in physical properties
Differ successively by a CH2 Unit

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2
Q

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

What is the general formula of Alkenes?

A

CnH2

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4
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH2n+1OH

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5
Q

What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?

A

CnH2nO2

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6
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound consisting of only hydrogen and carbon.

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7
Q

What is the functional group of an alkane?

A

None

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8
Q

What is the functional group of an alkene?

A

Double bond

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9
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

A

OH

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10
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

A

COOH

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11
Q

What is a crude oil?

A

A finite resource which will run out which is a mixture of hydrocarbons of different sizes.

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12
Q

Explain the 4 stages of fractional distillation

A

Crude oil enters fractioning column as hot gas

Hot gas moves up column

Temperature decreases going up column

Each fraction condenses when it hits it’s own boiling point and is then removed from column

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13
Q

What is refinery gas used as?

A

Fuel

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14
Q

What is petrol used as? (40C)

A

Fuel in cars

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15
Q

What is naphtha used in? (110)

A

Used in chemical production

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16
Q

What is kerosene used as? (180C)

A

Jet fuel

17
Q

What is diesel oil used as? (260C)

A

Fuel for diesel engines

18
Q

What is residue used as? (340C)

A

Fuel for ships
Lubricating oil
Road surfaces

19
Q

What is cracking?

A

The breakdown of large saturated hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones, some of which are unsaturated.

20
Q

What does cracking require to be completed?

A

A catalyst or high temperatures

21
Q

What does complete combustion produce in Alkanes, alkenes and alcohols?

A

CO2 and Water

22
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce in Alkanes, alkenes and alcohols?

A

Carbon monoxide (CO), Water and soot (only if there is a high carbon content)

23
Q

What affect does CO2 lead to?

A

Green house affect

24
Q

What does carbon monoxide and soot lead to damage of?

A

The lungs

25
Q

What does sulfur oxides from impurities in coal lead to?

A

Acid rain

26
Q

Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated

27
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated?

A

Saturated

28
Q

What happens when an alkane is mixed with bromine water?

A

No reaction and it doesn’t decolour the water

29
Q

What happens when an alkene is mixed with bromine water?

A

Reaction occurs and decolours the water

30
Q

What is a monomer?

A

Small individual molecules that join together to form long molecules called polymers

31
Q

Etehene is a monomer, what is it’s polymer form?

A

Polythene

32
Q

Vinyle chloride is a monomer, what is it’s polymer form?

A

PVC

33
Q

Ethanol can be made through fermentation, what 4 things does it need?

A

Yeast
Sugar Solution
Warmth
Anerobic condition

34
Q

Through the first 4 alkanes, what is the state at room temp and pressure?

A

Gas

35
Q

Through the first 4 alkenes, what is the state at room temp and pressure?

A

Gas

36
Q

Through the first 4 alcohols, what is the state at room temp and pressure?

A

Liquid

37
Q

Through the first 4 carboxylic acids, what is the state at room temp and pressure?

A

Liquid

38
Q

What reagent is used to prove a substance has an alkene?

A

Bromine water

39
Q

If the test for an alkene is positive, state the colour change.

A

Brown to colourless

CCEA GCSE DAS Chemistry 2 (FT) (9 decks)

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