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Chem C1-C3 > C2.3 - p1 > Flashcards

C2.3 - p1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an allotrope?

A
  • different forms of an element in the same state
  • but with different atomic arrangements
    (ie. diamond, graphite)
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2
Q

state uses of graphene

A
  • solar panels
  • batteries
  • increases a material’s strength without adding much weight (composite materials)
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3
Q

what are fullerenes?

A

structures that have hollow shapes

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4
Q

describe the shape of fullerenes

A
  • shaped as tubes/balls
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5
Q

what can spherical fullerenes be used for?

A
  • catalysts?
  • lubricants - molecules acting like tiny ball bearings
  • perhaps one day - drugs into body (can pass through cell membranes)
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6
Q

what happens when chemical bonds form? - energy

A

stored chemical energy is transferred to the surroundings

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7
Q

what are the bonds in simple molecules?

A

covalent forces between atoms, intermolecular forces between molecules

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8
Q

give examples of ionic compounds

A

sodium chloride

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9
Q

give examples of giant covalent structures

A

silica, diamond

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10
Q

give examples of simple molecules

A

oxygen, water,

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11
Q

what forces break when simple molecules boil/melt

A

the weak forces between the molecules, not the strong covalent bonds between each atom

(H20-H20) becomes H20 H20

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12
Q

what is the word used to describe substances that go directly from a solid to a gas?

A

sublimation

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13
Q

what is the word used to describe substances that go directly from a gas to a solid?

A

deposition

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14
Q

what determines whether a substance is brittle or malleable? (particles)

A

how easily the particles in the substance can change their positions in the lattice structure

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15
Q

why are metals malleable?

A

attracting force between electrons and metal ions remain, layers of ions only slide over each other

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16
Q

are giant covalent structure brittle?

A

yes

17
Q

-

A

-

18
Q

are ionic compounds brittle, and if so why?

A

yes

  • when a force is applied, ions slide over each other
  • but they end up being like charges, and so they repel (pushing either side apart, and therefore breaking)
19
Q

what allows a substance to conduct electricity?

A

whether or not it has delocalised electrons that can move

20
Q

why do metals conduct electricity?

A

it has delocalised electrons that are free to move through the lattice

21
Q

when do ionic compounds conduct electricity, and why?

A
  • when molten/in the liquid state/ dissolved in water

- ions are then free to move

22
Q

what are the size of coarse particles?

A

2,500 to 10,000nm long

23
Q

disadvantages of using nanoparticles?

A
  • so small can be breathed in/absorbed
  • may take a long time to break down once released into the environment, and toxic substances may stick to surfaces
  • risks difficult to predict (not much information known) — may be harmful to health + environment
24
Q

what are properties of nanoparticles because of a large surface area to volume ratio?

A
  • efficient (less quantity used to make product)
25
Q

what can nanoparticles be used for?

A
  • catalysts (larger surface area)
  • medicine/drugs (deliver to a specific area of body)
  • electronics (computer chips)
26
Q

why are nanoparticles good for cosmetics?

A
  • so small that light passes through

transparent

27
Q

why are nanoparticles good for deodorants?

A
  • can have antimicrobal properties

- kills bacteria that generates bad smells

28
Q

what are the size of fine particles?

A

between 100 and 2500nm long

29
Q

Uses of nanotubes

A

Strong - used to reinforce some sports equipment

30
Q

What is a nanoparticle

A

A particle between 1nm and 100nm across

31
Q

Small size of nanoparticles make them useful for (2)

A

New paints

New cosmetics, medicines, sunscreens

32
Q

Large SA to volume ratio of nanoparticles make them useful for (2)

A

New catalysts to speed up industrial chemical reactions.

Self-cleaning windows, ovens, and clothes

33
Q

What makes Nanoparticles have different properties to the same substance in bulk? (2)

A

Small size

Very large SA to Vol ratio

Chem C1-C3 (14 decks)

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