c2.2 try 2

Question 1

metals:

• appearance
• melting point + boiling point
• state at room temp
• malleable or brittle
• ductile or non ductile
• electrical + thermal conductivity

Answer 1

• shiny
• usually high
• solid
• malleable
• ductile
• good conductors of both

Question 2

non- metals:

• appearance
• melting point + boiling point
• state at room temp
• malleable or brittle
• ductile or non ductile
• electrical + thermal conductivity

Answer 2

• dull
• usually low
• half solid, half gas
• brittle
• non-ductile
• poor conductivity (insulators)

Question 3

where are metals and non-metals positioned on the periodic table?

Answer 3

non metals = right

metals = left

Question 4

how do metals and non-metals differ in terms of how they form ions?

Answer 4

• metals lose electrons when forming ions (positive ions)

- non-metals gain electrons when forming ions (negative ions)

Question 5

how do metals and non-metals differ when reacting together (with another non-metal or metal) ?

ie. non metal with non metal
metal with metal

Answer 5

• metals do not react, they form alloys

- non metals react to form covalent compounds

Question 6

what kind of solution is produced when a metal oxide dissolves in water?

Answer 6

alkaline solution

Question 7

what kind of solution is produced when a non-metal oxide dissolves in water?

Answer 7

acidic solution

Question 8

what is special about the elements on the boundary of non metals and metals on the periodic table?

Answer 8

some elements have properties of both metals and non-metals

Question 9

how is an ion formed?

Answer 9

when an atom or group of atoms loses or gains electrons

Question 10

draw an electronic diagram of a chloride ion (17 electrons)

Answer 10

2 in first shell, 8 in second shell, 8 in third shell (8th electron must be different to other electrons), as it gains one electron

Question 11

what kind of bond is formed when sodium and chlorine react?

Answer 11

an ionic compound (as they are a metal and non-metal respectively)

Question 12

what happens when a metal and non-metal reacts (in terms of electrons), and why does that happen?

Answer 12

an electron is transferred from the metal to the non-metal

- so that they both have more stable electronic structures

Question 13

what is the structure of an ionic compound? (in solid state)

Answer 13

• they are regularly arranged alternating

ie. + - + - + - + - +

Question 14

what is the name of the arrangement of an ionic compound?

Answer 14

giant ionic lattice

Question 15

what are ionic bonds exactly, and what causes them

• and how strong are they

Answer 15

VERY STRONG

- forces of electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions caused by transferring electrons

Question 16

what is a covalent bond exactly?

think about what causes it

Answer 16

a shared pair of electrons

Question 17

why do covalent bonds form?

Answer 17

so that both the non-metal atoms can complete their outer shells

Question 18

how is a covalent bond shown on a dot and cross diagram?

Answer 18

like a venn diagram, with however many shared electrons in the overlapping section (o x) is one pair of shared electrons

Question 19

give 4 examples of simple molecules?

Answer 19

hydrogen, oxygen, water, carbon dioxide

Question 20

where is the force of attraction in simple molecules, and what kind of bonds are they?

AND RELATIVE STRENGTH

Answer 20

• between nucleus of bonded atom + shared electron COVALENT - strong
• forces between molecules
  INTERMOLECULAR - weak

Question 21

limitations of ball-and-stick models?

Answer 21

• size of atom is exaggerated
• length of bond is exaggerated
• suggests that electrons (that make up bonds) do not move

Question 22

limitation of a displayed formula model?

Answer 22

• does not show 3D shape of the molecule

looks like this
O
/ \
H H

Question 23

how are the reactions of elements related to the arrangement of electrons in their atoms?

Answer 23

they react in a way to have the most stable arrangement (ie. a full outer shell)

Question 24

state 3 properties of Mendeleev’s periodic table

Answer 24

• mainly ordered his table in order of increasing atomic mass (some places he changed order based on atomic weights)
• left gaps for elements he thought had not been discovered yet

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