C2.2 - Bonding Flashcards
Describe the properties of metals
- shiny
- high melting + boiling point
- malleable
- ductile (pulled into wires)
- good conductors
- solid at room temp
Describe the properties of non-metals
- dull
- low melting + boiling points
- half are solid, half are gas at room temp
- brittle
- non-ductile
- insulators
What are elements arranged in order of on the periodic table?
Atomic number (num. of protons and electrons)
define the periodic table
a table in which elements are arranged in columns and periods in ascending order of atomic number
where are metal elements placed in a periodic table?
on the left hand side
where are non-metals placed on a period table?
on the right hand side
what happens when metals become ions?
do metals react with each other?
- metals lose electrons to form ions
- metals do not react with each other (mix to form alloys)
as they both would like to gain electrons, so no reaction happens
what happens when a non metal forms an ion?
can non-metals react with each other?
- non-metals gain electrons when forming ions
- yes, they form covalent bonds
what kind of solutions do metal oxides produce in water?
alkaline solutions
what kind of solutions do non metals form in water?
acidic solutions
what is a horizontal row in the periodic table called?
period
what is the column in the periodic table called?
group
what are ions?
an ion is an electrically charged particle formed when an atom or group of atoms lose or gain electrons
how do you represent an electron diagram?
draw a circle to represent each shell
how do ionic compounds form?
- metal reacts with a non-metal
- electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non-metal atoms
- both achieve full outer shells (more stable)
what is the structure of an ionic compound?
giant ionic lattice (regular arrangement of positive and negative ions)
what are ionic bonds?
strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
what does the word ‘giant’ mean in ‘giant ionic lattices’?
the arrangement is repeated many times
what does the word ‘lattice’ mean in ‘giant ionic lattice’?
that the arrangement is regular and not random
what is a covalent bond?
a shared pair of electrons
what does the intersection of a covalent bond diagram represent?
shared pair of electrons (bond itself)
When drawing a covalent bond diagram, how many shells are drawn?
Only the outer one
-
-
what is the bonding of simple molecules like?
- electrostatic forces of attraction between nucleus and shared electron
- covalent (electrostatic force) between atoms = strong
- intermolecular forced between molecules = weak