C2.1 - Structure And Bonding Flashcards
What electronic structure do elements aim to achieve?
That of a noble gas. (A full outer shell of electrons)
What does an atom become once it has transferred electrons?
An ion.
If an aim gains electrons, what is its charge?
Negative.
If an aim loses electrons, what is its charge?
Positive.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
What are the relative masses of protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons: 1
Neutrons: 1
Electrons: Very small
What do the alkali metals react with non-metal elements to form?
Ionic compounds, in which the metal has a single positive charge.
What do the halogens react with alkali metals to form?
Ionic compounds, in which the halide ions have a single negative charge.
What is the atomic structure of sodium chloride?
A giant ionic lattice.
What holds the ions together in ionic bonding?
Strong, electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Why direction to the forces in an ionic compound act in?
All directions.
Metals consist of giant structures of atoms arranged in a ___ pattern.
Regular.
What is covalent bonding?
When multiple atoms share electrons in order to achieve the structure of a noble gas.
What are covalent bonds like?
Strong.
Name 7 substances that contain covalent bonds.
- Hydrogen.
- Oxygen.
- Chlorine.
- Methane.
- Water.
- Ammonia.
- Hydrogen chloride.
