C1.4 - Crude Oil And Fuels Flashcards
Why do each of the hydrocarbons keep their separate properties?
Because they are not chemically bonded together.
How can crude oil be split up?
Fractional distillation.
Which fraction leaves the column from the highest tap?
Refinery gas (the shortest chain length).
Which fraction leaves the column from the lowest tap?
Bitumen (the longest chain length).
What is the formula for an alkane?
CnH2n+2.
What is the formula for an alkene?
CnH2n.
What are the properties of short molecules? (3)
- More runny (less viscous).
- More volatile (lower boiling point).
- More flammable.
What are the advantages of ethanol as a fuel? (2)
- Carbon neutral.
2. The only other product they produce is water.
What are the disadvantages of ethanol as a fuel? (3)
- Engines must be converted.
- Not widely available.
- As demand increases, farmers will grow crops for fuel instead of food –> Food prices will increase.
What are the advantages of biodiesel as a fuel? (3)
- Carbon neutral.
- Engines don’t need to be converted.
- Produces less sulphur dioxide than diesel/petrol.
What are the disadvantages of biodiesel as a fuel? (3)
- Not enough can be made to completely replace diesel.
- It’s expensive to make.
- As demand increases, farmers will grow crops for fuel instead of food –> Food prices will increase.
What is the advantage of hydrogen gas as a fuel?
It combines with oxygen in the air to form just water, and therefore it is very clean.
What are the disadvantages of hydrogen gas as a fuel? (3)
- A new, expensive engine is needed.
- You need energy from another source to make it.
- Hydrogen is hard to store.
What is crude oil made of?
A mixture of hydrocarbons.
