C1.5 - Other Useful Substances From Crude Oil

Question 1

What are the necessary conditions for cracking?

Answer 1

An aluminium oxide catalyst and a temperature between 400 and 700 degrees.

Question 2

What are the ways in which ethanol can be produced? (2)

Answer 2

1. Reacting ethene with steam.

2. Fermenting sugar.

Question 3

What are the advantages of reacting ethene with steam to produce ethanol? (2)

Answer 3

1. Ethene is cheap.

2. Not much ethene is wasted.

Question 4

What is the disadvantage of reacting ethene with steam to produce ethanol?

Answer 4

Ethene comes from crude oil, which is a non-renewable resource.

Question 5

What are the advantages of fermenting sugar to produce ethanol? (3)

Answer 5

1. A lower temperature is required (therefore it is cheaper).
2. Simpler equipment needed.
3. Good for countries that don’t have oil reserves to make petrol.

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of fermenting sugar to produce ethanol? (2)

Answer 6

1. The ethanol must be distilled to increase its concentration.
2. The ethanol must be purified.

Question 7

What are polymers made up of?

Answer 7

Lots of monomers.

Question 8

What are the properties of polymers made at high temperatures and pressures? (2)

Answer 8

1. Flexible.

2. Low density.

Question 9

What are the properties of polymers made at low temperatures and pressures and with a catalyst? (2)

Answer 9

1. Rigid.

2. Dense.

Question 10

What are the environmental problems with polymers? (2)

Answer 10

1. They are not biodegradable.

2. They fill up landfill sites.

Question 11

What is the problem with making products from crude oil?

Answer 11

It is a non-renewable source.

Question 12

What is cracking?

Answer 12

Breaking long chain hydrocarbons into shorter chain hydrocarbons.