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AB&SS2 > C2.1: Benign Neoplastic Diseases > Flashcards

C2.1: Benign Neoplastic Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what is a neoplasm

can they be diffuse or focal

A

abnormal tissue growth, cells proliferating at a fast rate

yes

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2
Q 
general info about benign neoplasms:
symptoms
lab tests
appearance
growth
vascularity
A 
often asymptomatic
no change in lab tests
well defined and encapsulated
slow growing
hypo or avascular
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3
Q

describe a hemangioma of the liver

A

most common benign tumor in the liver, made of many small blood capillaries

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4
Q

hemangiomas of the liver are more common in which gender

A

women - 5:1

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5
Q

can hemangiomas of the liver increase in size w/ preg or estrogen therapy (HRT)

A

yes

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6
Q

typical US appearance of hemangioma of the liver

atypical US appearance of hemangioma

A

small, usually < 3cm
hyperechoic, homogenous and well defined
no colour flow

heterogenous w/ hypo central area

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7
Q

follow up for hemangiomas of the liver

A

re-scan in 6 month and look for changes

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8
Q

how will a hemangioma appear in a fatty liver

A

hypoechoic

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9
Q

describe FNH

A

hyperplastic leison made up of normal liver tissue in an abnormal configuration… next most common after hemangioma

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10
Q

in which gender is FNH more common

why

A

women

influenced by hormones

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11
Q

US appearance of FNH

A

‘stealth leison’
< 8 cm
central scar w/ doppler flow centrally

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12
Q

what is the easiest way to detect FNH when scanning

A

look for abnorm. contour/displaced vessels

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13
Q

how will FNH look on a sulpher colloid nuch med scan

why

A

hot or warm

the kupffer cells will eat up the sulpher colloid

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14
Q

describe a liver adenoma

symptoms?

A

uncommon benign tumor, next most common after FNH

USUALLY asymp.

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15
Q

what 2 things are liver adenomas linked to

A

linked to BCPs and type 1 glycogen storage disease

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16
Q

what does type 1 glycogen storage disease cause

another name for it

A

fatty liver and liver failure due to too much glycogen

Von Gierke’s Disease

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17
Q

2 risks associated w/ liver adenomas

A

hemorrhage or infarct due to large size

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18
Q

US appearrance of a liver adenoma

A

variable- usually hyperechoic
8-15 cm
solid, single
central colour w/ doppler

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19
Q

how will an adenoma appear on a sulphur colloid scan

A

cold

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20
Q

best way to differentiate b/w FNH and adenoma

A

sulphur colloid… hard to differentiate on US

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21
Q

describe a lipoma in the liver

symptoms?

A

very rare

USUALLY asymp.

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22
Q

US appearance of liver lipoma

A

hyperechoic

very similar to hemangioma

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23
Q

what benign liver neoplasm is rare in the liver but common in the body else-where

A

lipoma

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24
Q

what other types of imaging/testing can be used to correlate w/ the finding of a benign liver neoplasm

A 
contrast CT, MRI
RBC cell scintigraphy (nuch med)
sulphur collloid
contrast US
biopsy
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25
treatment for FNH
conservative, depends on size
26
treatment for liver adenoma
surgery
27
treatment for liver lipomas
conservative
28
are benign neoplasms of the spleen rare or common
rare
29
describe a cavernous hemangioma/hemangioma or the spleen
congenital | most common benign neoplasm of the spleen, but not commonly seen
30
US appearance of cavernous hemangioma of the spleen
variable
31
is US conclusive in diagnosing a cavernous hemangioma in the spleen why
no, due to variable appear.
32
describe a hamartoma US appearance
rare neoplasm composed of lymphoid tissue homo, solid, echogenic
33
is a hamartoma encapsulated
no
34
describe a lymphangioma of the spleen US appearance
rare neoplasm cause by lymphatic malformation variable can appear as a cystic lymphangiomyomatosis (multi-loculated cyst)
35
describe an adenoma of the GB
the only true neoplasm of the GB, can be pedunculated
36
US appearance of GB adenoma
hyperechoic and homo <10mm avascular
37
a GB adenoma < than what size is insignificant
<10mm
38
describe cholesterolosis in the GB 2 types
accumulation of cholestrol in the GB wall 1. cholesterolosis (strawberry GB) 2. cholesterol polyps
39
what is cholesterolosis/strawberry GB
multiple non shadowing masses fixed to the GB wall
40
what are cholesterol polyps
focal form of cholesterolosis
41
can polyps and adenomas of the GB be differentiated on US
no
42
statistically, are most focal areas seen in the GB polpys or adenomas
polyps (65%)
43
describe adenomyomatosis can it be focal or diffuse
exaggeration of the RA sinuses and proliferation of the smooth muscle wall of the GB which cause cholesterol crystals to become trapped in the walls yes
44
where in the GB is adenomyomatosis most common
fundus
45
how does adenomyomatosis effect the size of the GB wall
thickens it... will be >3 mm when distended
46
if adenomyomatosis effects the mid part of the GB how will it look
hour glass
47
Us appearance of adenomyomatosis
hyperechoic foci in the GB wall w/ comet tail artifact
48
what are adenomyomas in the GB
focal, mass like areas of adenomyomatosis
49
describe islet cell tumors
most common tumor of the panc | can be benign or malignant, functioning or non functioning
50
Most common type of islet cell tumor typically, are benign islet cell tumors usually functioning or non functioning
Functioning (85%) and benign functioning... while most malignant ones are non functioning
51
what does the term functioning refer to
hormone producing
52
most common type of islet cell tumor..... is it benign or malignant where is it typically located in the panc
insulinoma, benign body or tail
53
US appearance of islet cell tumors
``` solid, solitary usually hypo (larger can be slightly echogenic) variable in size ```
54
what does exophitic mean
'sticking out' of the organ
55
describe angiomyolipomas (AML) in the kidney
arise from renal cortex made up of blood vessels, muscle and fat most common benign neoplastic mass of kidneys
56
angiomyolipomas are most common in which gender and age grp
women | middle age
57
US appearance of angiomyolipomas in the kidney
hyper, well defined unilateral usually low blood flow
58
if larger, what malignancy can angiomyolipomas mimic
RCC
59
another name for angiomyolipoma
renal hamartoma called the hemangioma of the kidney
60
angiomyolipomas are associated w/ which condition how will angiomyolipomas present sonographically in these patients
tuberous sclerosis bilateral and multiple angiomyolipomas
61
describe tuberous sclerosis
fits and zits - seizures and skin growths
62
if angiomyolipomas are exophitic, why can they be hard to see
blend in w/ renal fat
63
describe adenomas/oncocytomas in the kidney symptoms?
- benign masses that present in the 6th-7t decade of life - they are identical, differentiated only by size possible hematuria, pain
64
size difference b/w adenomas and oncocytomas
Adeno: < 3 cm onco: > 3 cm
65
in which gender are adenomas/oncocytomas more common
males
66
can adenomas/oncocytomas mimic RCC
yes, need biopsy to differentiate
67
US appearance of adenomas/oncocytomas
well defined | hypo or iso
68
describe an adenoma of the adrenal gland
arise from adrenal cortex hyperfunctioning or non-functioning single and unilateral usually
69
are most adenoma of the adrenal gland hyper or non functioning
non
70
symptoms/results of hyperfunctioning adenomas of the adrenal gland
endocrine abnormalities... Cushings syndrome - increased cortisol Conns disease - increased aldosterone
71
US appearance of an adenoma of the adrenal gland
solid, round | hypo
72
describe a myelolipoma of the adrenal gland symptoms?
rare, non-functioning neoplasm that might arise from the zona fasciculate can cause pain
73
are myelolipomas of the adrenal gland more common in one gender
no
74
when do myelolipomas of the adrenal gland present
5th - 6th decade
75
US appearance of a myelolipoma of the adrenal gland
hyper, can blend in w/ perirenal fat < 5 cm propagation speed artifact
76
what does 'myelo' mean
bone marrow or bone forming elements
77
Describe a pheochromocytoma of the adrenal gland Symptoms
Hyperfunctiioning tumour of the medulla Hypertension Palpating Tachycardia Excessive sweating
78
What lab tests will be evaluated w/ pheochromocytoma
Urinary catecholamines
79
When do pheochromocytomas of the adrenal gland present Are they more common on the R or L adrenal gland
4th - 5th decade of life R
80
pheochromocytomas are associated w/ which conditions
Tuberous sclerosis MEN syndrome (multiple endocrine neoplasia... can be benign or malignant)
81
US appearance of pheochromocytoma
Solid, unilateral Hypo Homo or hetero >2cm
82
How can pheochromocytomas effect the panc
Can displace panc tail anteriorly
83
Describe a Desmoid tumor in the abdo wall Where is it located
Arises from c-tissue (aponeurosis or fascia) often found at a surgical or laparoscopic site Anterior abdo wall usually
84
Are Desmoid tumors associated w/ post parting
Yes due to C section
85
Which tumors are the most common tumor of the abdo wall
Desmoid tumor
86
Describe the growth of Desmoid tumors
Slow, infiltration locally
87
Are Desmoid tumors more common in M or W What age grp
W due to C sections | 20-40
88
US appearance of Desmoid tumor
Hypo and homo
89
Describe a lipoma of the abdo wall US appearance
Made of fat, mobile and soft on palpation, compressible Slightly hyper to highly echogenic
90
all masses are asymp. unless otherwise written | encapsulated unless otherwise written
/
91
which benign tumor is equally common in men and women
myelolipoma

AB&SS2 (9 decks)

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