C20 Flashcards
Health fitness instructor needs to design an individualized program for special needs that understand their unqiue considerations (3)
What kind of training is needed for special needs
- Strength training for special populations
o The health fitness instructor needs to design an individualized program in close consultation with the client.
o They must understand the client’s needs and precautions, where to get more information, be alert to problems, and know when to take action or call for medical help.
o Resistance training has become an important component of exercise programs for athletes and for overall health and fitness in the general population.
o In this chapter, resistance training for several populations with special needs is discussed, and different aspects and possible contraindications are considered
Geriatrics
o People reaching age 65 have an average life expectancy of an additional 18.2 years, but many will have to deal with at least one chronic condition that will impact their quality of life.
o 65 to 74 years old: 20% have difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs); only 26% engage in regular physical activity.
o ≥75 year old: only 16% engage in regular physical activity.
o ≥85 years old: more than half have difficulties with ADLs.
- Normal aging and Sarcopenia
Causes what to the anatomically and physiologically to the body and define it
o Typical aging process: deleterious effects on human skeletal muscle; associated with loss of muscle mass, muscle strength and power, and even ADLs.
o Sarcopenia: progressive loss of muscle mass with advancing age; accompanied by loss of motor units.
o Overall effects of sarcopenia contribute to decline in basal metabolic rate and progressive increase in percent body fat.
What kind of training lessen the effects of sacropenia
o Resistance exercise: a powerful stimulus to lessen the effects of sarcopenia in the elderly.
o Progressive resistance training (PRT): preserves both muscle mass and strength in older adults.
o Increasing muscular strength and mass in the elderly improves functional status, independence, and overall quality of life.
Osteoporosis definePrevalance % fractures are attributed to this
Osteopenia define
Primary treatment of excercise
How can be bone mass be maintained for early preventiton of oseterporosis
o Osteoporosis: a systemic process of diminishing bone mass and deterioration of internal bone structure that results in an increased risk of fracture; known as a “silent disease” because the first sign of disease may be a fracture.
o More than 1.5 million fractures annually are attributed to osteoporosis.
o Osteopenia: death of bone cells.
o Exercise has become a primary treatment recommendation for osteoporosis.
o Evidence suggests that resistance training and weight-bearing exercise are essential for a client with osteoporosis.
o Bone mass attained early in life and maintained with exercise, diet, and lifestyle choices is the best way to prevent osteoporosis.
Pediatrics How many overweight
Obese?
What are the risk factors?
Children w disabilities like.. can affect physical functioning
What career choice can help?
o Approximately 30% of children and adolescents are overweight; about 15% are obese.
o This increases risk factors for conditions like asthma, diabetes, and hypertension.
o Some children are born with a disability, such as cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, or muscular dystrophy.
o All of these conditions and disabilities can significantly affect physical functioning during childhood.
o Health fitness professionals can play a key role in getting the pediatric population started on a lifelong path of physical fitness.
Healthy children and adolescents
The process of growth and *development in children (prepuberty) and adolescents (postpuberty) results in increase of
Age effect define
increases in muscle size and strength.
o There is an “age effect,” which means older children and adolescents will be stronger, pound for pound, than younger individuals.
ncreases muscle strength.
o Prior to puberty, anabolic hormone concentrations are low; this limits the potential for resistance training to cause significant hypertrophy.
o After puberty, both men and women are capable of changes in both muscle size and strength with properly implemented resistance training programs.
o Major concern with youth resistance training is safety.
o Improper resistance training can cause damage to epiphyseal plates, which leads to improper growth of the long bones.
o Key to safe resistance training in youth is to ensure that there is proper supervision for training and that lighter weights and higher repetitions are used.
o A properly designed and supervised resistance training program should incorporate periodization principles to vary volume and intensity throughout the year.
o Progression should emphasize increases in repetitions relative to increases in resistance.
o Very light loads should be used when new movements are being learned to ensure learning proper technique.
Many studies have shown that resistance training in children and adolescents effectively
Prior to puberty, what hormone concentrations are low and limits body for what muscular gain
After puberty, both men and women are capable of changes in botH muscles
Increases muscle strength.
o Prior to puberty, anabolic hormone concentrations are low; this limits the potential for resistance training to cause significant hypertrophy.
o After puberty, both men and women are capable of changes in both muscle size and strength with properly implemented resistance training programs.
o
Major concern with youth resistance training
Improper resistance training can cause damage to
What are the key to safe resistance training for youth
A properly designed and supervised resistance training program should incorporate
And Progression should emphasize increases in
When learning a new technique loads should be to —ensure —
Major concern with youth resistance training is safety.
o Improper resistance training can cause damage to epiphyseal plates, which leads to improper growth of the long bones.
o Key to safe resistance training in youth is to ensure that there is proper supervision for training and that lighter weights and higher repetitions are used.
o A properly designed and supervised resistance training program should incorporate periodization principles to vary volume and intensity throughout the year.
o Progression should emphasize increases in repetitions relative to increases in resistance.
o Very light loads should be used when new movements are being learned to ensure learning proper technique.
One of the major causes of intellectual disability is
o One of the major causes of intellectual disability is Down syndrome.
Down syndrome And affects about 1 in live births
characteristics
Down syndrome: genetic disorder that affects approximately 1 in 600 to 1,000 live births.
o Characterized by cognitive delay, distinct facial features such as epicanthal folds of the eyelids and a relatively flat occiput and nasal bridge, and short limbs.
People with DS have physiological terrible factors to what kind kind of increased risks of health problems
People with Down syndrome often have poor muscle tone (hypotonia) and joint laxity, which can lead to increased risk of musculoskeletal and orthopedic problems.
o
Individuals with Down syndrome have been shown to be significantly weaker than both age- and sex-matched controls.
Down syndrome is weaker in what to normal people
Individuals with Down syndrome have been shown to be significantly weaker than both age- and sex-matched controls.
