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AB&SS 1 > C2: Vascular Structures > Flashcards

C2: Vascular Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Tunica Intima composed of?

A

Endothelial lining and elastic tissue

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2
Q

What is the tunica media composed of?

A

Elastic fibres and smooth muscle

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3
Q

What is the tunica adventitia composed of?

A

Elastic fibers and collagen fibers

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4
Q

Which vessels range with respiration and muscle contraction?

A

Vein size varies with respiration and muscle contraction, arteries do not

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5
Q

Where is the lesser sac located in comparison to the AO?

A

Anterior

Pancreas picture and AO model for other anterior relationships

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6
Q

Where is the crura of the diaphragm located compared to the AO?

A

Anterior and left

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7
Q

Where is the GE junction located compared to the AO?

A

Anterolateral

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8
Q

Name all the branches of the AO from superior to inferior

A 
Celiac axis
Adrenal arteries
SMA
Renal arteries
Gonadal arteries
IMA
Lumbar Arteries
Medial Sacral Arteries
Common Iliac Arteries
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9
Q

How does the left gastric artery travel?

A

Anteriorly and superiorly from the celiac axis, then along the lesser curve of the stomach

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10
Q

The common hepatic artery branches into which smaller arteries?

A

Gastroduodenal artery

Right gastric artery

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11
Q

The cystic artery is a branch off of which artery and what does it supply?

A

Branches from the right hepatic artery and supplies the gallbladder, CBD and hepatic ducts

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12
Q

Which branch if the first branch off of the common hepatic artery?

A

Right gastric artery

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13
Q

How does the GDA course in the body and with reference to the duodenum?

A

Courses inferiorly and then Posterior & medial to the duodenum

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14
Q

Which branch of the celiac axis is the largest and which is the smallest?

A

Largest: splenic artery
Smallest: left gastric artery

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15
Q

The splenic artery provides blood to which body structures?

A

Pancreas, spleen, and stomach

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16
Q

Where is the SMA located compared to the uncinate and third part of the duodenum?

A

Anterior

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17
Q

The SMA supplies which body organs?

A

The right side of the small and large bowel

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18
Q

The RRA courses ________ to the IVC?

A

Posteriorly

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19
Q

Which renal artery is longer? And which is lower?

A

RRA is longer

RRA is lower

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20
Q

How do the gonadal arteries branch off the AO?

A

Anteriorly

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21
Q

What is the last major branch off of the AO?

A

The IMA

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22
Q

The IMA supplies which organs?

A

Transverse, descending, sigmoid colon and rectum

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23
Q

Which vessels are anterior?

The CIA or the CIV?

A

CIA are anterior

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24
Q

Where should the calibers be placed to measure the size of arteries?

A

Outer walls

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25
Q

AO proximal AP measurement

AO distal AP measurement

A

Prox: 2-2.5 cm
Dis: 1.5 cm

26
Q

An AO measurement greater than, or equal to, which value is considered aneurysmal?

A

3 cm

27
Q

What should the lilac arteries measure in males and females? And in what plane should be measure?

A

Males: 1.4-1.5cm
Women: 1.2cm

Trans

28
Q

List 3 possible acoustic windows for scanning the AO

A

Sagittal
Sagittal but, move to the L and angle to midline if the patient has gas
Coronal- L coronal for distal AO, R coronal for proximal AO (due to the stomach)

29
Q

Which crux of the diaphragm is most often seen?

A

The R crux, the L is not often seen because of the stomach

30
Q

At what level do the CIVs join to form the IVC?

A

L5

31
Q

At what size is the IVC considered dilated?

A

When it exceeds 3.7cm…. some resources say it’s displayed when it’s larger than 2.5cm

32
Q

Which tributaries of the IVC aren’t usually seen?

A

Gonadal veins and lumbar veins

33
Q

He lumbar veins are tributaries of which larger veins?

A

Tthe CIV, AND/OR the IVC

34
Q

How do the lumbar veins course in the body?

A

They travel lateral to the spine and posterior to the psoas muscles

35
Q

Where do the hepatic veins drain into the IVC?

A

Just inferior to the diaphragm

36
Q

Do the hepatic veins have valves?

A

No

37
Q

Do the hepatic veins increase in size as they course towards the IVC?

A

Yes

38
Q

Why is it harder to image the hepatic veins with a fatty liver?

A

Fat is hard to penetrate

39
Q

How should your probe be placed on the body to image the hepatic veins?

A

The probe should be placed obliquely towards the right side of the body

40
Q

The portal venous system drains blood from which areas off the body?

A

The bowel, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts

41
Q

Which vein do the portal veins drain into?

A

The hepatic veins

42
Q

Does the portal venous system contain valves?

A

No

43
Q

The portal venous system is formed by the union of which veins?

A

The splenic vein, SMV and IMV

44
Q

How does the splenic vein course in relation to the pancreas?

A

It is posterior and inferior to the body and tail of the pancreas

45
Q

Which confluence is a landmark for the neck of the pancreas?

A

The portal confluence

46
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric vein originate?

A

The root of the mesentery

47
Q

How does the SMV course in the body compared to the SMA?

A

The SMV is located to the right of the SMA and rungs parallel to the SMA… this is a constant relationship

48
Q

At what point does the SMV become the Main portal vein?

A

above the level of the pancreas

49
Q

What is the average dimension of the MPV and it measures less than what value?

A

Averages ~11mm

Typically <13mm

50
Q

How does the MPV course in the body?

A

Right, superior and oblique from the confluence

51
Q

The MPV is enclosed by which membrane?

A

Enclosed by the peritoneum which forms the free margin on the lesser omentum anterior to the epiploic foramen

52
Q

The MPV supplies what percentage of the livers OXYGEN?

What about % of blood?

A

50-60% O2

70% blood supply

53
Q

How does the RPV appear compared to the LPV?

A

Its shorter and fatter

54
Q

Is the portal venous system collapsable?

A

No, its deep within the liver

55
Q

What type of flow and waveform will the IVC produce?

A

Phasic flow, bidirectional and pulsatile

Waveform will have a sawtooth pattern

56
Q

What type of flow will the hepatic veins produce?

A

Phasic and pulsatile

they flow away from the liver

57
Q

What type of flow will the renal arteries and veins produce?

A

Artery: low resistance flow
Vein: Phasic flow

58
Q

What type of flow will the portal veins produce?

A

Phasic and continuous flow

59
Q

What does Hepatopedal/hepatopetal mean?

A

Flow towards the liver

60
Q

What does hepatofugal mean?

A

Flow away from the liver

61
Q

What type of flow will the AO have?

A

Moderate resistance flow about the renal arteries

High resistance flow below the renal arteries

62
Q

When does the CHA become the hepatic artery proper?

A

After the GDA branches off

AB&SS 1 (13 decks)

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