C2: Ultrastructure

Question 1

describe the hormone production sequence (eg. insulin) from the nucleus to leaving the cell

Answer 1

1. mRNA copy for the gene (instructions) is made in nucleus
2. mRNA leaves nucleus through nuclear pore
3. mRNA attached to ribosome on the RER + reads the gene to assemble the protein
4. the vesicles “pinch off” the hormone molecule + travels to golgi apparatus and fuses with it
5. when it fuses, the golgi processes & packages the hormone molecules for release
6. packaged hormone molecules are “pinched off” the golgi in vesicles + move towards the cell surface membrane and fuses with it
7. cell surface membrane opens up to release hormone molecules outside

Question 2

mitochondria features & it’s function

Answer 2

• double membrane phospholipid bilayer
• matrix: has enzymes for respiration
• cristae

used to make ATP for respiration