C11: Biodiversity

Question 1

two categories of conserving biodiversity & define them

Answer 1

ex situ: out of the natural habitat

in situ: within the natural habitat

Question 2

how are species classified based on their abundance, and define them.

Answer 2

1. extinct. no organism exist anywhere in world
2. extinct in the wild.
3. endangered. a species in danger of extinction
4. vulnerable. a species likely to endangered

Question 3

in situ maintains

Answer 3

• genetic diversity of species

- evolutionary adaptations that help species adapt continually to changing environmental conditions

Question 4

what is gene flow

Answer 4

interbreeding between different populations (by migration) that allows for alleles to be transferred between the two populations

Question 5

what affects genetic biodiversity?

for genetic biodiversity to increase, no. of alleles must increase so..

Answer 5

mutations

gene flow

Question 6

what factors decrease genetic diversity?

for this to happen the no. of alleles must decrease

Answer 6

selective breeding

natural selection

genetic bottlenecks

the founder effect

genetic drift

Question 7

explain natural selection

Answer 7

when species evolve and alleles for less advantageous characterises are lost over time so they contain primarily advantageous alleles

Question 8

define polymorphic and monomorphic genes

Answer 8

polymorphic = a gene with multiple variations (more than one allele makes this gene)

monomorphic = a gene with no different variations
(a single allele exists for this gene)

Question 9

explain selective breeding

Answer 9

it means a minority is picked for its desired characteristics, so a higher proportion of organisms in a species have the same allele, reducing genetic biodiversity

Question 10

how do factors do humans influence on biodiversity

Answer 10

agriculture (monoculture especially)

human population growth

deforestation

climate change

Question 11

formula to find the proportion of polymorphic genes is

Answer 11

100 x (total no. of polymorphic gene loci / total no. of all gene loci)

the greater the proportion is = greater genetic biodiversity is

Question 12

what are the aesthetic reasons for maintaining biodiversity

Answer 12

• presence of plants & animals enriches lives

- patients can recover more rapidly from stress in more natural environments