C2 T2 Sports Psycology Flashcards
What are the 4 different types of practice
- variable
- fixed
- distributed
- massed
What are the 4 different types of guidance
- manual
- mechanical
- visual
- verbal
What are the 4 different types of feedback
- terminal
- concurrent
- extrinsic
- intrinsic
What does SMART target stand for
Spesific
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Time bound
What are skill classification measured on
Continuums
What are the 3 skill continuums of skill classification
- environmental
- difficulty
- organisational
What are the 2 ends of the environmental continuum
Open and closed
What are the 2 ends of the difficulty continuum
Basic and Complex
What are the 2 ends of the organisational continuum
Low organisation and high organisation
What is an open skill
A skill performed in an unpredictable environment. The performer has to react and adjust to the changing environment.
What is a closed skill
A skill performed in a predictable environment.
What is a basic skill
A simple skill requiring little concentration
What is a complex skill
A skill requiring a lot of attention and concentration
What is a low organisational skill
A skill that can be broken down into parts that can be practiced separately
What high organisational skills
Skills that can’t be broken down into different parts
What is fixed practice
Practicing one skill repeatedly
What is variable practice
Practicing a skill in different contexts and situations
What is distributed practice
Practicing a skill with short duration and lots of breaks
What is massed practice
Continuous practice with short breaks
What are the pros of massed practice
- good for elite athletes that know what they’re doing
- good for athletes with high levels of fitness
- improves muscle memory and increase consistency
- good for basic and closed skills
What are the pros of distributed practice
- good for motivation-less boredom
- suitable for novices- breaks could be used for feedback
- suitable for those with lower levels of fitness-beaks used for recovery
What are the pros of fixed practice
- beneficial for closed and high organisational skills
- focus on learning and perfecting one skill
- good for basic skills
What are the pros of variable practice
- beneficial for open skills as you can learn to adapt
- lots of variety, reduces boredom
What are the cons of massed practice
- can be repetitive and become boring- requires high motivation and concentration
- athletes get tiered as there is little rest
What are the cons of distributed practice
- less time efficient
- doesn’t mimic real competition scenarios
- breaks cause loss of focus/momentum
What are the cons of fixed practice
- can be boring as very repetitive- requires a lot of motivation
What are the cons of variable practice
- not as beneficial for closed skills
What is visual guidance
A coach showing a picture, demonstration or video
What is verbal guidance
The coach speaking to the performer to give instructions/feedback
What is manual guidance
Coach physically supports the performer
What is manual guidance
The performer uses a device to support the performer
What is intrinsic feedback
Feedback from within the performer
What is extrinsic feedback
Feedback from an external source (usually coach)
What is concurrent feedback
Feedback during the performance
What is terminal feedback
Feedback at the end of a performance
What are the pros of intrinsic feedback
- experienced athletes understand the movement and know how it is supposed to feel
- they will be able to self correct/ assess because of their experience
What are the pros of extrinsic feedback
- good for less experienced performers
- coach can tell performers what they’re doing did well and what they did wrong
- experienced performers use it alongside intrinsic feedback
What are the pros of concurrent feedback
- if an activity lasts long enough a performer can make adjustments as they go
- they can alter there performance or a coach verbally instruct them to make to make a chance
What are the pros of terminal feedback
- a coach could talk to the performer through what they saw
- many sports team run full video analysis
What are the cons of intrinsic feedback
- inexperienced performers won’t be able to rely on this- they don’t have the experience
What are the cons of extrinsic feedback
- coach or additional person is needed
What are the cons of concurrent feedback
- for short events the performer cannot implement changes
- cannot do for complex skills
- not feasible in loud environments
What are the cons of terminal feedback
- only happens at the end of the performance- can’t change anything during the event
What is mental rehearsal
Where a performer pictures themselves executing a skill and practises the skill in their mind , focusing on their correct technique
What are the benefits of mental rehearsal
- builds confidence
- reduces anxiety
- improves concentration
- overcome problems
- improves results
