Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > C2-Structure and bonding > Flashcards

C2-Structure and bonding Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some limitations of the particle model of matter?

A

The particles in substances can vary in size, aren’t spherical and molecules and ions can distort their shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of bonding bonds a metal and a non metal?

A

Ionic bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the process of ionic bonding

A
  • A metal donates an electron(s) to a non-metal to accomplish a full outer shell for both elements
  • The metal becomes a positive ion
  • The non-metal becomes a negative ion
  • The opposite electrostatic charges attract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What ions do the following groups form in ionic bonding:
1)Group 1?
2)Group 2?
3)Group 3?
4)Group 4?
5)Group 5?
6)Group 6?
7)Group 7?
8)Group 8?

A

1)1+
2)2+
3)3+
4)don’t form ions apart from tin or lead
5)3-
6)2-
7)1-
8)don’t form ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does ionic bonding form?

A

Salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some properties of giant ionic lattices

A
  • High melting point (solids at room temperature)
  • Can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water due to the ions being mobile through the liquid
  • Strong
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are cations?

A

Positive ions-metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are anions?

A

Negative ions-non metals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of bonding bonds 2 or more non-metals?

A

Covalent bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Where atoms of non-metals share pairs of electrons with each other in order to gain a full outer shell of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the properties of simple molecules covalently bonded?

A
  • Weak intermolecular forces-low boiling points
  • Very strong intramolecular forces
  • Liquid/gas at room temperature
  • Can’t conduct electricity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the properties of giant covalent structures?

A
  • Strong intermolecular forces-high boiling points
  • Very strong intramolecular forces
  • Solid at room temperature
  • Can conduct electricity in some cases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an allotrope?

A

2 or more physical forms in which an element can exist-such as for carbon being able to make diamond and graphite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some examples of giant covalent structures?

A
  • Diamond
  • Graphite
  • Graphene
  • Carbon nanotubes
  • Buckminsterfullerine
  • Silicon dioxide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What giant covalent structures are electrical conductors and why?

A

Graphite, Graphene and Carbon nanotubes can conduct electricity as they are only covalently bonded 3x so have leftover delocalised electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is graphite so soft?

A

The layers of graphene can slide past each other

17
Q

What is the chemical formula of buckminsterfullerene?

A

C₆₀

18
Q

Why are fullerenes useful?

A

They are useful as catalysts, transport mechanism for drugs and as reinforcement for composite materials

19
Q

Why is graphene useful in the electronics industry?

A

It is an electrical conducter and is also flexible meaning that it can be used in foldable phones

20
Q

What type of bonding bonds metals?

A

Metallic bonding

21
Q

How does metallic bonding work?

A

The metal atoms are arranged in a regular pattern in a giant metal lattice. The electrons in the outer shell become delocalised and form a sea of constantly moving electrons. There is electrostatic attraction between the positive metal ions and the electrons

22
Q

Explain why metals conduct electricity and heat well

A

Their delocalised electrons transfer charge and energy well

23
Q

Explain why metals are ductile

A

As the metal layers can slide past each other but are still held together by the delocalised electrons

24
Q

Why are nano-particles able to react much more quickly?

A

They have a higher surface area to volume ratio

25
Q

What is nanoscience?

A

The study of particles between 1 and 100 nanometres in size

26
Q

How large is a nanometre?

A

10⁻⁹ m

27
Q

What is the size of a fine particle?

A

100-2500nm

28
Q

What is the size of a coarse particle?

A

2500-10,000nm

29
Q

Why are nanoparticles good for industrial processes?

A

Less of them will need to be used-they are better catalysts

30
Q

What are polymers made up of?

A

Chains of monomers

31
Q

What are some uses of nanoparticulate materials?

A
  • medical treatments
  • cosmetics, deodorants and sunscreens
  • electronics
  • catalysts
32
Q

What are some possible risks to nanoparticles?

A
  • They could be dangerous if reacting with some fuel
  • They can enter the human body and catalyse unwanted reactions
  • They can harm aquatic life

Chemistry (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions