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Y9 History > C2 | Fighting in the War > Flashcards

C2 | Fighting in the War Flashcards

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1
Q

Propaganda

A

False or misleading information used to spread a certain point of view

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2
Q

How did the propaganda campaign work?

A

The government controlled all information about the war. In newspapers the government only allowed news of victories in battle, while defeats were hardly mentioned. British soldiers were always made to look like heroes and the Germans were made to look like cruel savages

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3
Q

How did propaganda attract more volunteers to fight in the Great War?

A

The propaganda posters were aimed at making men either love their country and king, feel guilty about not joining up, or hate the enemy. The government hoped that if people loved Britain, they were more likely to support the war and join up to fight

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4
Q

How successful was the propaganda campaign?

A

Very successful - by January 1916, a total of 2.5 million men had agreed to fight

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5
Q

Pals Battalion

A

A group of friends or co-workers who enlisted to fight in the First World War together

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6
Q

Conscription

A

The government policy of forcing men aged between 18 and 41 to join the armed forces in wartime

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7
Q

Why did the government come up with conscription?

A

The number of volunteers grew lesser by the summer of 1916 and the government needed more men

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8
Q

Conscientious Objector

A

A person who believes that war is wrong and refuses to fight

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9
Q

How many conscientious objectors were there during the Great War?

A

Around 16,000

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10
Q

How did the ‘conchies’ help out in the war?

A

They worked in factories or mines or carried stretchers on battlefields

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11
Q

What happened to those people who did not contribute anything to the war?

A

Around 1500 people were sent to prison and conditions were made very hard for them. Some died in prison

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12
Q

Front

A

An area where the armies fought each other

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13
Q

Western Front

A

The area in Northern France and Belgium where British, French and Belgian forces fought Germany in the First World War

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14
Q

How long was the Western Front?

A

Over 640 kilometres

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15
Q

Where did the Western Front begin and end?

A

From the English Channel to Switzerland

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16
Q

Why did the soldiers build trenches?

A

To protect themselves

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17
Q

How did the soldiers protect the trenches?

A

Using sandbags and barbed wire

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18
Q

No Man’s Land

A

The wasteland, which was full of bomb craters and rotting human remains, between the trenches of the Allied and German forces controlled by neither side (around 50 to 200 metres wide)

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19
Q

Stalemate

A

A situation in which neither side could move forwards and neither side wanted to retreat

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20
Q

Trench Foot

A

A common foot disease caused by standing in cold and wet conditions for long periods where the foot swells up and develops open sores

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21
Q

Rifle

A

A lightweight, long gun; a 40cm knife called a bayonet could be fitted onto the end if a soldier’s bullets ran out

22
Q

Machine Gun

A

Invented in around 1862, it became one of the Great War’s deadliest weapons and it could fire up to 10 bullets per second

23
Q

Why was the machine gun so deadly?

A
  1. In the first 12 days of fighting, the French reported losses of over 200,000 men, mostly due to machine gun fire.
  2. According to British estimates, machine guns caused about 40% of all wounds inflicted on British troops during the whole war
24
Q

Poison Gas - Chlorine Gas

A

Suffocated the lungs and left the victim gasping for air

25
Q

Poison Gas - Mustard Gas

A

Rotted the body, caused blisters on skin and made the victim cough up his lungs’ linings in clots. The pain was so intense that victims had to be tied down

26
Q

Why did gas later become less of an effective weapon?

A

Gas masks protected troops from the poison’s worst effects

27
Q

Grenade

A

A small, hand-held bomb that could be thrown about 40 metres into enemy trenches. It exploded a few seconds after a pin was removed and the outer case would shatter into razor-sharp fragments

28
Q

Tank

A

A British invention, a tank was a bulletproof vehicle that could travel over rough terrain, crush barbed wire and cross trenches. It was very slow (4 mph) and unreliable. They were originally called ‘landships’

29
Q

Flame Thrower

A

A canister was strapped to a soldier’s back which forced oil through a nozzle at enemy soldiers. The oil was ignited by a spark to create a sheet of flame that could travel up to 15 metres

30
Q

Artillery

A

A large, heavy gun that could shoot bombs (shells) over long distances. When they exploded, the red-hot metal splinters (shrapnel) would cut an enemy to pieces. The noise damaged men’s brains and made their ears bleed. It caused shell shock

31
Q

Fighter and Bomber Planes

A

When fighting began, planes were very slow, clumsy and unreliable and were used for eyeing what the enemy was doing and spotting artillery. Soon, ‘fighter’ planes armed with machine guns were developed and ‘bombers’ were made to fly over enemy trenches and attack from the air

32
Q

Shell Shock

A

A nervous condition suffered by some soldiers exposed to the noise and chaos of the battle

33
Q

What is shell shock known as today?

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder

34
Q

What crimes would shell shock victims likely to be charged with?

A

Cowardice (being a coward) and desertion (leaving their trench or position without permission)

35
Q

How many soldiers Britain shoot at dawn for cowardice and desertion during the Great War?

A

306 soldiers

36
Q

Colony

A

A country controlled by another country as part of its empire

37
Q

Which of the British colonies did the ‘soldiers of Empire’ come from?

A
  1. Canada
  2. Australia
  3. New Zealand
  4. India
  5. the West Indies
38
Q

How many ‘soldiers of Empire’ fought for Britain in the Great War?

A

2.5 million soldiers

39
Q

How were the 1.4 million soldiers from India convinced to fight for Britain?

A

Recruitment posters sent to India promised ‘an easy life’, ‘good pay’ and ‘very little danger’

40
Q

How many soldiers did Britain lose at the end of the war?

A

About 700,000 soldiers

41
Q

How many soldiers did the rest of the Empire lose?

A

Over 200,000 soldiers

42
Q

Why was 1917 a significant year?

A
  1. Ordinary Russians rebelled against their leaders and eventually murdered their king, Tsar Nicholas II and his family, and stopped fighting the Germans.
  2. The USA had also joined the war on Britain and France’s side
43
Q

Why did the USA join in the First World War?

A

German submarines had sunk American ships

44
Q

What happened after the American soldiers joined?

A

The Germans could not break through and started to retreat. The civilians were starving and rioting, and German troops were exhausted. Soon, the countries on Germany’s side began to surrender

45
Q

What happened to Germany’s king after the other countries surrendered?

A

Kaiser Wilhelm II ran away to the Netherlands and the government that replaced him called for a ceasefire (armistice)

46
Q

When did the Great War end?

A

At 11:00am on 11 November 1918

47
Q

Why had the poppy become a symbol of life and hope?

A

Only the poppies seemed to flourish when all the other buildings and trees were destroyed. They continued to grow after the soldiers left the trenches in 1918

48
Q

How did ‘Poppy Day’ start?

A

In November 1919, the government received a letter from Sir Percy Fitzpatrick, whose son had been killed in France in 1917. Percy suggested that a period of silence be observed on the anniversary of the end of the war. King George V agreed

49
Q

When is Poppy Day celebrated today?

A

The two-minute silence is held on the second Sunday of November. It is called Remembrance Sunday

50
Q

What is done on Poppy Day?

A

Poppies are distributed in return for donations to help people affected by war

Y9 History (11 decks)

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