c2 - Fertilisers & Crop yield, Chemicals from the sea

Question 1

What are fertilisers?

Answer 1

Chemicals that give plants essential chemical elements for growth

Question 2

What do fertilisers do for plants?

Answer 2

They make crops grow faster and bigger, and increase the crop yield

Question 3

How do fertilisers increase crop yield?

Answer 3

They replace essential elements in the soil that have been used up by previous crops, and provide nitrogen as soluble nitrates which are used by the plant to make protein for growth

Question 4

What are the three main essential elements found in fertilisers?

Answer 4

nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)

Question 5

Which three pieces of apparatus do you need to be able to label?

Answer 5

burette, measuring cylinder and filter funnel

Question 6

How do you make ammonium sulfate?

Answer 6

Neutralise sulfuric acid with ammonia

Question 7

How do you make ammonium nitrate?

Answer 7

Neutralise nitric acid with ammonia

Question 8

How do you make ammonium phosphate?

Answer 8

Neutralise phosphoric acid with ammonia

Question 9

How do you make potassium nitrate?

Answer 9

Neutralise nitric acid with potassium hydroxide

Question 10

What is eutrophication?

Answer 10

When the overuse of fertilisers changes the ecosystem in lakes, rivers and streams

Question 11

What are the three stages of eutrophication?

Answer 11

1) Fertilisers used by farmers may be washed into lakes and rivers. This increases the levels of nitrates and phosphates in the water and more simple algae grow.
2) The algal bloom blocks off sunlight to other plants, causing them to die and rot
3) Aerobic bacteria feed of the dead organisms and increase in number. They quickly use up the oxygen until nearly all the oxygen is removed. There isn’t enough oxygen left to support the larger organisms, such as fish and other aquatic animals, so they suffocate

Question 12

As well as a food preservative and flavouring, what is sodium chloride useful as?

Answer 12

A raw material in the chemical industry.

Question 13

Why is sodium chloride useful as a raw material in the chemical industry?

Answer 13

Because it is an important source of chlorine and sodium hydroxide

Question 14

Where is sodium chloride mined mostly in the UK?

Answer 14

In Cheshire

Question 15

What does rock salt mining cause in some parts of Cheshire?

Answer 15

Subsidence

Question 16

When concentrated sodium chloride solution is electrolysed, what must the electrodes be made from and why?

Answer 16

Inert materials because the materials are very reactive

Question 17

When concentrated sodium chloride solution is electrolysed, which electrode does the the hydrogen go to?

Answer 17

The cathode (negative electrode)

Question 18

When concentrated sodium chloride solution is electrolysed, which electrode does the the chlorine go to?

Answer 18

The anode (positive electrode)

Question 19

How do you test for chlorine?

Answer 19

With damp litmus paper, if it’s bleached, chlorine is present

Question 20

Give one use of sodium hydroxide

Answer 20

Making soap

Question 21

Give one use of hydrogen

Answer 21

Making margarine

Question 22

Give two uses of chlorine

Answer 22

Sterilising water & making solvents and plastics

Question 23

What is sodium hydroxide reacted with chlorine to make?

Answer 23

Household bleach

Question 24

Describe the experimental method used to make potassium sulfate solution.

Answer 24

Titration is when an alkali is added to an acid until it is neutralised or vice versa