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Science Year 10 > C2 - Construction Materials & Metals, Alloys & Making cars > Flashcards

C2 - Construction Materials & Metals, Alloys & Making cars Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do many construction materials come from?

A

Rocks found in the Earth’s crust

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2
Q

What are the rocks called that metals such as iron and aluminium are extracted from called?

A

Ores

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3
Q

How is brick made?

A

By baking clay that has been extracted from the Earth

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4
Q

What are glass, concrete and cement all made from?

A

Sand (small grains of rock)

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5
Q

Why is limestone the easiest rock to shape?

A

Because it’s the softest

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6
Q

Which rock is the hardest to shape?

A

Granite

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7
Q

What type of rock is limestone?

A

Sedimentary

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8
Q

What type of rock is marble?

A

Metamorphic

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9
Q

What type of rock is granite?

A

Igneous

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10
Q

What are limestone and marble mainly made of?

A

Calcium carbonate ( CaCO₃)

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11
Q

When calcium carbonate is heated, what does it break down into?

A

Calcium oxide and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

When one material breaks down into two or more substances when heated, what is this called?

A

A thermal decomposition reaction

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13
Q

How is cement made?

A

By heating clay and limestone together

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14
Q

What is a composite material?

A

That which combines the best properties of each component material.

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15
Q

Give an example of a composite material

A

Reinforced concrete

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16
Q

What properties does reinforced concrete combine?

A

The strength and flexibility of the steel bars with the hardness of the concrete.

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17
Q

How is copper extracted from naturally occurring copper ore?

A

By heating it with carbon

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18
Q

Copper ore is called copper oxide. When copper is extracted, the oxygen is removed from the copper oxide. What is this process called?

A

Reduction

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19
Q

If copper is very impure, what must happen before it can be used again?

A

Electrolysis

20
Q

What happens in electrolysis?

A

Electricity is passed through a liquid or a solution called an electrolyte, e.g. copper(II) sulfate solution, to make simpler substances.

21
Q

What is the positive electrode in electrolysis called?

A

The anode

22
Q

What is the negative electrode in electrolysis called?

A

The cathode

23
Q

What is the anode in electrolysis made of?

A

Impure copper

24
Q

What is the cathode in electrolysis made of?

A

Pure copper

25
Q

When electrons are lost, what is this called?

A

An oxidation process

26
Q

When electrons are gained, what is this called?

A

A reduction process

27
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of a metal with another element

28
Q

Give three examples of alloys

A

Bronze, steel, amalgam, solder, brass

29
Q

What is amalgam made using?

A

Mercury

30
Q

What is solder made using?

A

Lead and tin

31
Q

What is brass made using?

A

Copper and zinc

32
Q

What is a smart alloy?

A

It can be bent and twisted, and will return to its original shape when heated

33
Q

Give an example of a smart alloy, and what it is an alloy of.

A

Nitinol (an alloy of nickel and titanium)

34
Q

Why is nylon fibre used to make seat belts?

A

Because it’s strong and flexible

35
Q

Why is glass used to make windscreens?

A

Because it’s transparent

36
Q

Why is copper used for wiring?

A

because it’s a good electrical conductor

37
Q

Why is plastic used for the trim on cars?

A

Because it’s rigid and doesn’t corrode

38
Q

Why is steel used to make the body of a car?

A

Because it is strong and malleable

39
Q

Why is aluminium used to make they alloy wheels on a car?

A

Because it is lightweight and doesn’t corrode in moist conditions

40
Q

Why will a car made from aluminium have better fuel economy?

A

Because it is lighter

41
Q

Why will a car made from aluminium have a longer lifetime?

A

Because it doesn’t corrode

42
Q

What is an oxidation reaction?

A

A reaction where oxygen is added to a substance

43
Q

Give an example of an oxidation reaction

A

Rusting

44
Q

What three things does rusting need?

A

Iron, water and oxygen (air)

45
Q

Aluminium doesn’t react and corrode in air and water. What does it do instead?

A

It quickly forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide.

46
Q

What are some benefits of recycling materials?

A

Less quarrying is needed, less energy is used to extract them from ores, the limited ore reserves will last longer, recycling plastics and fibres reduces the amount of crude oil needed to make them, conserves reserves, and disposal problems are reduced

47
Q

When iron atoms are changed into iron(III) ions, what is this process called and why?

A

Oxidation, because electrons are lost

Science Year 10 (7 decks)

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