C2 - Bonding

Question 1

What is METALLIC BONDING?

Answer 1

METAL ATOMS bonding to each other.

Question 2

Describe METALLIC BONDING

Answer 2

The atoms form a LATTICE of ions surrounded by a sea of DELOCALISED electrons.

As electrons are FREE TO MOVE, they are good conductors of electricity and heat.

Question 3

What is IONIC BONDING?

Answer 3

A METAL ATOM and a NON-METAL ATOM bonding to each other.

Question 4

Describe IONIC BONDING

Answer 4

Metal atoms DONATE ELECTRONS to NON-METALS to form ions.

DOT AND CROSS DIAGRAMS show electrons on the outer shells.
METALS end up with an empty outer shell, NON-METALS with 8 electrons.

Question 5

What do CHARGES add up to in an IONIC COMPOUND?

Answer 5

Must add up to 0.

Question 6

What are IONIC STRUCTURES?

Answer 6

Ions are arranged in a lattice of repeating units of positive and negative ions.

Question 7

Describe the properties of IONIC SUBSTANCES

Answer 7

-Ionic substances have high melting and boiling points due to the strong ionic bonds.
(IONS have strong electrostatic forces between them)
-They can conduct electricity when molten or in solution ( dissolved ) as ions are free to move when dissolved and carry charge

Question 8

What is another NAME for IONIC COMPOUNDS?

Answer 8

SALTS

Question 9

What is COVALENT BONDING?

Answer 9

NON-METALS bonding to each other.

Question 10

Describe COVALENT BONDING

Answer 10

Atoms share electrons to gain FULL OUTER SHELLS.
Every covalent bond has a PAIR of shared electrons.

Question 11

What does the NUMBER OF ELECTRONS an atom have signify?

Answer 11

The number of bonds it can make.
e.g, Hydrogen = 1

Question 12

Name the properties of a COVALENT STRUCTURE

Answer 12

Simple covalent structures have low boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces.

Question 13

What is GIANT COVALENT BONDING?

Answer 13

Structures that consist of repeating units of atoms to make giant molecules
e.g, DIAMOND or Silicon Dioxide

Question 14

Name the properties of GIANT COVALENT STRUCTURES

Answer 14

VERY HIGH melting points due to covalent bonds being broken

Question 15

What is an ALLOTROPE?

Answer 15

An allotrope is a structure made of the same element but arranged differently.

Question 16

Name 1 example of an ALLOTROPE

Answer 16

Graphite

Question 17

Describe the properties of GRAPHITE

Answer 17

ALLOTROPE of CARBON
Delocalised electrons form weak bonds between layers.
Can conduct electricity - electrons can move.
Layers can slide past each other.

Question 18

What is an ALLOY?

Answer 18

An ALLOY is a mixture of metals - different SIZE atoms disrupt the lattice so layers CANNOT slide over each other easily, making them strong.

Question 19

Name 3 uses of FULLERENES and NANOTUBES

Answer 19

Used for;
electronics
composites
medical purposes

Question 20

Give an example of a FULLERENE

Answer 20

BUCKMINSTER FULLERENE

Question 21

What is a POLYMER made of?

Answer 21

Formed of small molecules called MONOMERS

Question 22

What do POLYMERS have?

Answer 22

Polymers have very large molecules - atoms are joined by strong covalent bonds in a long chain.

Question 23

PROPERTIES of POLYMERS

Answer 23

Intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are strong compared to the intermolecular forces between small molecules.

POLYMERS melt at higher temps and are solids at room temp.