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Chemistry C1-C5 (PAPER 1) > C1 - Atoms > Flashcards

C1 - Atoms Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an ELEMENT?

A

A substance containing only one type of atom.

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2
Q

What is a COMPOUND?

A

A substance containing 2 or more types of atoms chemically bonded.

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3
Q

Why do equations have to be BALANCED?

A

-CONSERVATION OF MASS, atoms can neither be created or destroyed in a reaction.

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4
Q

What is a MIXTURE?

A

A mixture consists of different substances not chemically bonded.

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5
Q

What is FILTRATION?

A

Removes large insoluble particles from a liquid.

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6
Q

What is CRYSTALISATION?

A

Leaves behind crystals of a dissolved substance (solute) when heated gently.

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7
Q

What is DISTILLATION?

A

Condensing an evaporated solvent and then collecting it.

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8
Q

What is CHROMATOGRAPHY?

A

Causes substance to rise up CHROMATIC paper due to CAPILLARY ACTION.

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9
Q

Name the 5 different phases between the states of matter

A

Solid -> Liquid is called melting
Liquid -> Gas is called boiling
Gas -> Liquid is called condensing
Liquid -> Solid is called freezing
Solid -> Gas is called sublimation

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10
Q

What are the properties of a SOLID?

A

-Regular arrangement/lattice
-Vibrate about a fixed position
-Cannot be compressed

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11
Q

What are the properties of a LIQUID?

A

-Not in a regular arrangement
-Move past each other
-Cannot be compressed

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12
Q

What are the properties of a GAS?

A

-Particles are far apart
-Move randomly at fast speeds due to HIGH ENERGY
-Can be compressed

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13
Q

What is needed for particles to be melted/evaporated?

A

ENERGY (heat) is needed to overcome the ELECTROSTATIC forces of attraction between particles.

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14
Q

What is a PHYSICAL CHANGE?

A

No new substance is made.

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15
Q

What does (aq) or AQUEOUS mean?

A

AQUEOUS means a substance that is dissolved or in a solution.

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16
Q

What did JJ Thompson create?

A

The PLUM PUDDING MODEL - consisted of a positive charge with electrons.

17
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford discover?

A

He discovered that the nucleus was SMALL and positively charged - electrons must orbit far away.

18
Q

What did Neils Bohr discover?

A

Discovered that electrons exist in SHELLS.

19
Q

What did James Chadwick discover?

A

Determined that the nucleus must contain both neutrons and protons.

20
Q

State the CHARGE and MASS of electrons, protons and neutrons.

A

Electron Charge; -1
Electron Mass; 0

Proton Charge; +1
Proton Mass; 1

Neutron Charge; 0
Neutron Mass; 1

21
Q

What is the RAM?

A

RAM is the number of both protons and neutrons.

22
Q

What is the ATOMIC NUMBER?

A

ATOMIC NUMBER is the number of protons + electrons (same amount as they balance each other out).

23
Q

What is an ISOTOPE?

A

Same element, different number of neutrons.

24
Q

How was the periodic table originally ordered?

A

Elements were originally ordered according to their ATOMIC WEIGHT; some elements were then grouped together if they shared similar properties but still followed the ATOMIC WEIGHT pattern.

25
Q

What did DIMITRI MENDELEEV discover?

A

Mendeleev decided to order/group the elements based on their properties rather than their atomic weight.
By doing this, he found gaps that were discovered to be UNDISCOVERED ELEMENTS.

26
Q

What is the electron configuration?

A

Electron shells fill up in the order; 2 , 8 , 8 , 2

27
Q

Why do METALS DONATE ELECTRONS?

A

Metals donate electrons to gain an empty outer shell to form positive ions (Na+)

28
Q

Why do NON-METALS ACCEPT ELECTRONS?

A

Non-metals accept electrons to gain a full outer shell. They can form negative ions (O2-) OR share electrons.

29
Q

What do the PERIODIC GROUPS represent?

A

Represent the number of electrons in outer shell.

30
Q

What are group 1 elements called?

A

ALKALI METALS as they react with H2O to form an ALKALI

31
Q

Properties of ALKALI METALS

A

They all donate electrons; ions are always 1+
They get more reactive further down the group as the outer electron is further from the nucleus so is donated more readily ( force of attraction is less ).

32
Q

What are group 7 elements called?

A

HALOGENS

33
Q

Properties of HALOGENS

A

They form 1- ions as they accept electrons to gain a full outer shell.
They get less reactive further down the group.

34
Q

What are group 0 elements called?

A

NOBLE GASES

35
Q

Properties of NOBLE GASES

A

VERY UNREACTIVE
Already have an empty outer shell.

Chemistry C1-C5 (PAPER 1) (5 decks)

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