c1900-Present- Modern Britian

Question 1

what did mendel show during the 19th century?

Answer 1

how human characteristics could be passed between generations

Question 2

what new technology was discovered in the 20th century?

Answer 2

electron microscopes
x-rays

Question 3

who worked together to figure out how genetic codes of DNA fitted together?

Answer 3

James Watson and Francis Crick

Question 4

what did Watson and Crick do?

Answer 4

discover how genetic codes of DNA fitted together

Question 5

what was the human genome project?

Answer 5

where every gene in the human DNA was mapped

Question 6

who led the human genome project? when?

Answer 6

James Watson in 1990

Question 7

what did discovery of DNA and the work of the human genome project lead to? (3)

Answer 7

• better understanding of genetic conditions (e.g. down syndrome)
• predicting whether individuals are at risk of developing cancer
• discovery of stem cells

Question 8

what things are lacking in the field of genetic conditions? (2)

Answer 8

• cure or effective treatment for most genetic conditions
• prevention of most genetic diseases

Question 9

what three lifestyle factors did people begin to understand the risks of in modern britain?

Answer 9

smoking (cancer, heart disease)
alcohol (cancer, liver/kidney diseases)
diet (fat and sugar= cancer, heart disease)

Question 10

improvements in diagnosis in 20th century

Answer 10

skin and blood tests
x-rays/ endoscopes
monitors

Question 11

new technology advancements in the 1900-present (8)

Answer 11

microscopes
x-rays
incubators
prosthetic limbs
Ct, ultrasound scans
insulin pumps
hypodermic needles
pacemakers

Question 12

what did Behring discover

Answer 12

the body manufactures antitoxins that only attack the microbe causing a disease

Question 13

who was the leader of the researches who searched for a magic bullet chemical

Answer 13

paul Ehrlich

Question 14

what did a magic bullet do?

Answer 14

attack and kill the microbe causing a specific disease

Question 15

what was Ehrlich’s team trying to find a cure for?

Answer 15

syphillis

Question 16

which rejected compound was found to have actually worked?

Answer 16

Salvarsan 606

Question 17

what was the chemical that was experimented with to make the first magic bullet?

Answer 17

salvarsan

Question 18

when was salvarsan 606 discoverted?

Answer 18

1909, after Dr Hata joined the team

Question 19

what was the second magic bullet for? when was it made?

Answer 19

blood poisoning, 1932

Question 20

who discovered the second magic bullet?

Answer 20

Gerhard Domagk

Question 21

what was the chemical compound used in the second magic bullet?

Answer 21

Prontosil

Question 22

what did other scientists discover when checking Domagk’s work?

Answer 22

the main ingredient of prontosil was sulphonamide that cures pneumonia, scarlet fever and meningitis too

Question 23

what types of surgery were developed?

Answer 23

keyhole and microsurgery

Question 24

what is keyhole/micro surgery? what are its benefits?

Answer 24

use of tiny cameras and surgical instruments so:
surgeons can make small insicions instead of large cuts
reduce recovery time
make it possible to reattach nerves and blood vessels

Question 25

what was the first antibiotic to be discovered?

Answer 25

penicillin

Question 26

what was the benefit of discovering the structure of different antibiotics?

Answer 26

solved the problem of scientists having to grow them first in order to amend them to treat disease

Question 27

what is the risk of antibiotic overuse?

Answer 27

super bacteria will evolve and become resistant to antibiotics

Question 28

examples of high tech medical and surgical treatments (4)

Answer 28

radiotherapy/chemotherapy kidney dialysis fitting pacemakers organ transplants

Question 29

benefits of robotic surgery

Answer 29

carried out remotely by controlling robots through computers more precise

Question 30

what aspects of healthcare does tax fund?

Answer 30

seeing a GP hospital care and operations health visitors for pregnant women and kids ambulences and emergency treatment healthcare for elderly

Question 31

benefits of the NHS

Answer 31

treatment entirely free everyone treated equally

Question 32

what are improvements that need to be made to ensure access to care

Answer 32

more NHS dentists more doctors and hospitals in different parts of Britain

Question 33

timeline of mas vaccinations

Answer 33

1942- diphtheria 1950- polio and whooping cough 1961- tetanus 1962- measles 1970- rubella 1988- MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) 2008- HPV

Question 34

how many people died of diphtheria in 1938

Answer 34

3000

Question 35

what did the diphtheria epidemic lead to?

Answer 35

government immunisation programme

Question 36

action to prevent illness from government after 1948

Answer 36

funding better rubbish diposal laws to reduce air and water pollution banned cigarettes advertising laws to improve health and safety at work health officers inspecting food outlets

Question 37

what lifestyle warning campaigns do the government fund after 1948

Answer 37

smoking binge-drinking AIDS Change4Life

Question 38

what did alexander fleming notice that started the journey to the discovery of penicillin

Answer 38

bacteria in a petri dish was being killed by penicillin mould, he tested this a found it made a great antibiotic

Question 39

why did fleming not continue research?

Answer 39

he didnt think it would work on living people so didnt ask for funding

Question 40

who resumed the discovery of penicillin several years later?

Answer 40

Howard Florey and Ernst Chain

Question 41

how did Florey and Chain test the mould?

Answer 41

on mice and then humans

Question 42

drawbacks of using penicillin

Answer 42

mould is expensive, needs space and time consuming to grow

Question 43

how was penicillin mass produced?

Answer 43

Florey asked factories to help but they were being used for war effort Florey asked US drug companies to help but only did on a small scale government saw the need for more penicillin so funded 21 companies to mass produce it

Question 44

symptoms of lung cancer

Answer 44

persistent cough coughing up blood breathlessness tiredness weight loss chest infections

Question 45

how is lung cancer spotted in the body?

Answer 45

CT scan

Question 46

how is lung cancer treated?

Answer 46

surgery to remove tumour or lung transplant radiotherapy chemotherapy

Question 47

prevention of lung cancer (7)

Answer 47

cigerette ads banned tobaco tax increased smoking banned in public laces 2007 increased age to buy tobacco 16 to 18 funded campaigns to educate people no public display of tobacco cigarette packets warnings