c1900 - Present - Attitudes In Society

Question 1

Attitudes to conscientious objectors (COs) in ww1

Answer 1

• it was common for COs to be shunned
• they recieved hate mail or white feathers as a sign of cowardice

There were 16600 of them and 9500 were forced to serve whilst 7000 were sent to prison

Question 2

Attitudes to conscientious objectors (COs) in ww2

Answer 2

• COs were found alternative forms of work
• they still recieved hostility, and lost friends or jobs

There were 60000 and 50000 were forced to serve while 6000 were sent to prison

Question 3

Changes in war reporting from 1914 ➡️ 1916 ➡️ 2003

Answer 3

• 1914 - one journalist reports from battleground
• 1916 - five journalists allowed at front line
• 2003 - 700 reporters part of coalition forces in iraq

Question 4

Impact of reporting on public attitudes

Answer 4

• In ww1, the number of volunteers fell as casualty figures were reported
• In 1945 public support for the war declined
• In 2003, 1 mil protestors marched against war

Question 5

Why did the government use censorship

Answer 5

To hide the worst news from the public. Soldiers letter were read and censored

Question 6

Why did the government use propaganda in ww1?

Answer 6

Was used to build support for the war and encourage volunteers. It suggested all germans were evil

Question 7

Why was propaganda used in ww2?

Answer 7

It avoided exaggerating victories and concentrated on the horrors of war and need to win

Question 8

Modern reporting and technology

Answer 8

New technology makes it harder for the government to control information. In 1991, the bombing of Irag was reported before war had been officially declared to the public.

However, some information is still censored, and journalists sometimes still present a patriotic view. For example, in Iraq in 2003, reports were read before publication, and Iraqi civilian casualties were only reported later.