c1900-present Flashcards
What is logistics?
Transportation of troops, supplies, ammunition and post
How did army composition change from 1914 to 2015? (4)
Infantry went from 65% to 25%
Cavalry stayed at 10% (tanks in 2015)
Artillery went from 20% to 10%
Specialist troops went from 5% to 55%
Example of a specialist troop
Medical
Elecrical
What was the size of the army in 1918?
3,500,000 (WW1)
What was the size of the army in 1963
170,000
How did transport change in this period? (3 points)
In 1914, troops moved by train
In 1918, British army had over 55,000 trucks
In 1940, aircraft used to parachute troops
One pro and con for machine guns?
Could fire 600 round/min
Needed teams to cool the down
How did numbers of aircraft change from 1914-18?
British had 63 in 1914 and 22,000 by 1918
When was surveillance from aircraft introduced?
1900
What are military satellites used for? (2)
Spot enemy forces
Provide communication
Pros of guerillas? (2)
Blend in with civilians and avoid open battles with hit-and-runs
Traditional tactics are hard to use against them
How did recruitment of women change?
In 1916, women worked as nurses behind front line
In 1992, women integrated into male units
What what the national service and when was it introduced?
1948, meant all men aged 17-21 had to complete 18 moths of military training and service, followed by 4 years in reserves
What is conscription?
Where people have to serve, rather than volunteering
How did conscription change? (2)
In 1916, applied to unmarried men aged 18-41
In 1941, applied to men up to 51 and unmarried women aged 20-30
2 points of a professional army
High level of training needed for equipment
Recruits sign up for t least for years and basic training lasts 14 weeks
What are wars of attrition?
Where an enemy is worn down until it runs out of resources
How do wars of attrition lead to total warfare?
Civilians are attacked as well to wear down resources and manpower
3 effects to civilians during this period
1940-41, 2 million British homes destroyed and 1.5 million civilians evacuated due to German bombing in the Blitz
In 1918, t=food rationing was introduced as Germans tried to cut off food supplies
1 benefit of modern warfare for civilians
Medication advancement has occurred due to need to treat wounded
How many Britons fought and died in ww1?
6 million fought, 700,000 died
Why didi civilians fear nuclear attacks after 1945 (2)
By 1949, the USA and USSR had nukes
Air-raid sirens were regularly tested
2 point of attitudes to conscientious objectors
In WW1, they received a white feather to show cowardice and were shunned even by family
In WW2, they were found alternative forms of work, but still received hostility
How many conscientious objectors in WW1 and WW2
16,600 in WW1 and 60,000 in WW2
How did war reporting change? (2)
In 1914, one journalist reports to battlefield
In 2003, 700 reporters in Iraq and media has revolutionised reporting
How did reporting lead to a change in attitudes? (2)
In WW1, numbers of volunteers fell as casualty figures were reported
Public support for war has declined since 1945 - one million protestors marched against the Iraq War
What is censorship?
Limiting the information given to the public
How was censorship used in WW1?
Government used it to hide worst news to public. Soldiers letters were read and censored.
How was propaganda used in WW2?
it concentrated on the horrors of war and the need to win by suggesting all germans were evil
How was modern reporting changed censorship with one example?
New tech makes it hard for the government to control information. In 1991, the bombing of Iraq was reported before war had been officially announced.
