c1500-c1700 Flashcards
Ratio of infantry to cavalry in 1500-1700?
2:1
What were dragoons?
Mounted infantry
What two key roles were infantry divided into?
Musketeers and pikemen
What is a standing army?
A permanent force of full time soldiers
When and why was England’s standing army first set up?
In 1645, during the civil war, Parliament set up the New Model Army to fight the king
By what year was the musket replacing the longbow
1550
Why did the musket replace the longbow? (2 points)
Muskets could store thousands of bullets in a barrel, whereas arrows were expensive
Muskets could pierce new high-carbon steel armour, which was arrow-proof
Reports of musketeers defeating pikemen led to increase in use of musket
Which decade was the wheel-lock pistol developed?
1540s
Why was armour gradually abandoned?
Firepower made it worthless
What replaced the pike in the early 1700s?
The socket bayonet
Why did the cannon become weak from mid-1500s? (2 points)
In 1530s, England spent vast sums on new defense from cannons
Low, thick, eath-filled walls met cannon balls without shattering
Walls were angled, so cannon balls would bounce off
How did recruitment show continuity in this period? (2 points)
Until 1645, all men 16-60 were forced to serve
Men provided their own weapons
The king appointed Lords Lieutenants to command each county’s militia
How did the New Model Army create change in this period? (3 points)
Successful soldiers were promoted - based on skill, not social status
Soldiers were paid and had regular pay
Not all soldiers were pressed to join (only half of the infantry)
How did training change in this period? (2 points)
Musketeers were trained to fight in rows
Musketeers trained to fight with pikemen
2 impacts on civilians before the Civil Wars?
Requisitioning (demand) of horses and supplies led to shortages and disrupted businesses
Taxes increased and trade reduced, so civilians became poorer
3 impacts on civilians during the Civil Wars?
Requisitioning (demand) of supplies continued Plunder (stealing from civilians) was common due to lack of pay for soldiers Sieges saw ( 55 000 ) people become homeless
When was the Battle of Naseby and who was it between?
1645 between English Parliament, Cromwell and Fairfax, and English Royalists, King Charles and Prince Rupert
How many troops fought on each side in the Battle of Naseby?
17 000 NMA troops fought 12 500 Royalist troops
How did training and discipline aid the Parliamentarians in the Battle of Naseby? (2 points)
Royalist cavalry lost discipline and raided the baggage trains as they were not paid
NMA cavalry were well trained and disciplined and drove off Royalist cavalry and pursued them at the end
How did positioning aid the Parliamentarians in the Battle of Naseby? (2 points)
The centre (Broad Moor) was a large, open expanse of land, ideal for cavalry Fairfax's western land was protected by a hedgerow and his eastern land was hard to cross
2 positives from the Parliamentarians in the Battle of Naseby
Cromwell’s NMA had the best cavalry in the war
Fairfax was an inspirational general
Who won the Battle of Naseby?
Parliament
2 negatives from the Royalists in the Battle of Naseby
King Charles underestimated his enemy, believing they could win
Prince Rupert lacked control of his cavalry and lost advantage to the west
