c1500-c1700

Question 1

Ratio of infantry to cavalry in 1500-1700?

Answer 1

2:1

Question 2

What were dragoons?

Answer 2

Mounted infantry

Question 3

What two key roles were infantry divided into?

Answer 3

Musketeers and pikemen

Question 4

What is a standing army?

Answer 4

A permanent force of full time soldiers

Question 5

When and why was England’s standing army first set up?

Answer 5

In 1645, during the civil war, Parliament set up the New Model Army to fight the king

Question 6

By what year was the musket replacing the longbow

Answer 6

1550

Question 7

Why did the musket replace the longbow? (2 points)

Answer 7

Muskets could store thousands of bullets in a barrel, whereas arrows were expensive
Muskets could pierce new high-carbon steel armour, which was arrow-proof
Reports of musketeers defeating pikemen led to increase in use of musket

Question 8

Which decade was the wheel-lock pistol developed?

Answer 8

1540s

Question 9

Why was armour gradually abandoned?

Answer 9

Firepower made it worthless

Question 10

What replaced the pike in the early 1700s?

Answer 10

The socket bayonet

Question 11

Why did the cannon become weak from mid-1500s? (2 points)

Answer 11

In 1530s, England spent vast sums on new defense from cannons
Low, thick, eath-filled walls met cannon balls without shattering
Walls were angled, so cannon balls would bounce off

Question 12

How did recruitment show continuity in this period? (2 points)

Answer 12

Until 1645, all men 16-60 were forced to serve
Men provided their own weapons
The king appointed Lords Lieutenants to command each county’s militia

Question 13

How did the New Model Army create change in this period? (3 points)

Answer 13

Successful soldiers were promoted - based on skill, not social status
Soldiers were paid and had regular pay
Not all soldiers were pressed to join (only half of the infantry)

Question 14

How did training change in this period? (2 points)

Answer 14

Musketeers were trained to fight in rows

Musketeers trained to fight with pikemen

Question 15

2 impacts on civilians before the Civil Wars?

Answer 15

Requisitioning (demand) of horses and supplies led to shortages and disrupted businesses
Taxes increased and trade reduced, so civilians became poorer

Question 16

3 impacts on civilians during the Civil Wars?

Answer 16

Requisitioning (demand) of supplies continued
Plunder (stealing from civilians) was common due to lack of pay for soldiers
Sieges saw ( 55 000 ) people become homeless

Question 17

When was the Battle of Naseby and who was it between?

Answer 17

1645 between English Parliament, Cromwell and Fairfax, and English Royalists, King Charles and Prince Rupert

Question 18

How many troops fought on each side in the Battle of Naseby?

Answer 18

17 000 NMA troops fought 12 500 Royalist troops

Question 19

How did training and discipline aid the Parliamentarians in the Battle of Naseby? (2 points)

Answer 19

Royalist cavalry lost discipline and raided the baggage trains as they were not paid
NMA cavalry were well trained and disciplined and drove off Royalist cavalry and pursued them at the end

Question 20

How did positioning aid the Parliamentarians in the Battle of Naseby? (2 points)

Answer 20

The centre (Broad Moor) was a large, open expanse of land, ideal for cavalry
Fairfax's western land was protected by a hedgerow and his eastern land was hard to cross

Question 21

2 positives from the Parliamentarians in the Battle of Naseby

Answer 21

Cromwell’s NMA had the best cavalry in the war

Fairfax was an inspirational general

Question 22

Who won the Battle of Naseby?

Answer 22

Parliament

Question 23

2 negatives from the Royalists in the Battle of Naseby

Answer 23

King Charles underestimated his enemy, believing they could win
Prince Rupert lacked control of his cavalry and lost advantage to the west