C1.6 Plant oils and their uses

Question 1

What are vegetable oils?

Answer 1

Natural oils found in seeds, nuts and some fruit

Question 2

How would we obtain the vegetable oils?

Answer 2

The plants are crushed and squeezed

Question 3

What is another way of getting vegetable oils?

Answer 3

Dissolve them in a solvent and use distillation to get rid of the impurities such as water

Question 4

Why can we use distillation to get rid of impurities in vegetable oil?

Answer 4

Vegetable oils have a higher boiling point than water

Question 5

Name a saturated vegetable oil and a fact about it

Answer 5

Lard

It has a single bond between the carbon atoms

Question 6

Name the two types of unsaturated vegetable oils

Answer 6

Monounsaturated fats

Polyunsaturated fats

Question 7

What bond does monounsaturated fats have?

Answer 7

One double bond in each fatty acid

Question 8

What bond does polyunsaturated fats have?

Answer 8

Many double bonds

Question 9

What does an emulsifier do?

Answer 9

Let’s oil and water mix together

Question 10

How do emulsifiers work?

Answer 10

The hydrophilic end stays in the water and the hydrophobic end stays in the oil

Question 11

What does the bromine water test detect?

What colour does it turn?

Answer 11

Unsaturated vegetable oils as it has a double carbon-carbon bond
It turns colourless if unsaturated vegetable oils are present and stays orange if saturated vegetable oils are present

Question 12

What is hydrogenation?

Answer 12

Hardening unsaturated vegetable oils with hydrogen

Question 13

Describe the process of hydrogenation

Answer 13

1) Gas is 60 degrees
2) A nickel catalyst speeds the process up
3) The double bonds convert to single bonds
4) Unsaturated fats become saturated fats