C1.4 Crude oils and fuels

Question 1

What is crude oil made out of?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbons

Question 2

What is the process used to separate crude oil?

Answer 2

Fractional distillation

Question 3

What is the most hydrocarbon that is found in crude oil called?
What is its formula?

Answer 3

Alkanes

CnH2n +2

Question 4

Name some alkanes (4)

Answer 4

Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane
Butane

Question 5

Describe the process of fractional distillation

Answer 5

1) Boil the crude oil to he highest boiling point
2) Let it cool
3) Different fractions of crude oil condense at different points which separates the crude oil

Question 6

What are these hydrocarbons used for?

Lowest boiling point 
refinery gases 
Gasoline 
Naphtha 
Kerosene 
Diesel oil 
Fuel oil 
Residue 
Highest boiling point

Answer 6

Bottles gas
Fuel for cars 
Making chemicals
Aircraft fuel 
Fuel for lorries and buses 
Fuel for ships and power stations
Bitumen for roads and roofs

Question 7

Give information about the hydrocarbons which have a low boiling point (4)

Answer 7

• Small molecules
• Very volatile
• Flows easily
• Ignites easily

Question 8

Give information about the hydrocarbons which have a high boiling point (4)

Answer 8

• Doesn’t ignite easily
• Doesn’t flow easily
• Not very volatile
• Large molecules