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Biology 126 > C.16 - DNA Replication > Flashcards

C.16 - DNA Replication Flashcards

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1
Q

Watson and Crick

A

Accredited with the discovery of the DNA double helix. Built double helix models that conformed to X-ray and chemical data, won the Nobel Prize in 1962

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2
Q

Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod

A

Concluded based on evidence that only DNA worked in transforming harmless (R) bacteria into deadly (S) bacteria

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3
Q

Chargaff

A

Discovered that the base composition of DNA varies between species and in any species the number of A and T bases are equal and the number of G and C bases are equal

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4
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

Phage (virus) DNA, not protein, enters the cell during infection and therefore provides genetic information (used radioactive sulfur and phosphorous to tag proteins and DNA)

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5
Q

Wilkins and Franklin

A

X-ray crystallography studies produced a picture of DNA molecule

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6
Q

Meselson and Stahl

A

Experiment supported semiconservative model of DNA replication (Used 15N lighter and 14N isotope to follow DNA replication)

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7
Q

Leading Strand

A

DNA polymerase can synthesize DNA continuously as it goes toward replication fork

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8
Q

Replication Fork

A

A Y-shaped region where new DNA strands are elongating

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9
Q

Single-Strand Binding Proteins

A

Bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA

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10
Q

Lagging Strand

A

Elongation of this strand is away from the replication fork

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11
Q

Lagging Strand

A

Elongation of this strand is away from the replication fork

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12
Q

Okazaki fragments

A

DNA strands that are synthesized discontinuous in the lagging strand

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13
Q

Helicases

A

Enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks

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14
Q

Topoisomerase

A

Corrects “overwinding” ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands

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15
Q

DNA Polymerase I

A

Enzyme that removes RNA primer and fills in gaps left by primer removal

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16
Q

DNA Polymerase III

A

Enzymes will add DNA nucleotides to 3’ end

17
Q

Ligase

A

Joins together two ends of DNA

18
Q

Primer

A

The first bit of RNA laid down by the primase

19
Q

Telomeres

A

Repeating DNA at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes, protect genes from being lost during successive rounds of replication

Biology 126 (7 decks)

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