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GCSE Chemistry > C15 - Using Our Resources > Flashcards

C15 - Using Our Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 2 types of glass?

A

1) Soda-lime glass

2) Borosilicate glass

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2
Q

What makes up soda-lime glass?

A

Sand, limestone (calcium carbonate) and sodium carbonate (soda) are heated.

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3
Q

What makes up borosilicate glass?

A

Sand and boron trioxide - melts at a higher temperature than soda-lime glass.

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4
Q

What are the uses of soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass?

A

Soda-lime glass - most common type of glass - bottles, windows etc…

Borosilicate gas - ovenware, pots and pans - won’t crack under heat

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5
Q

How are clay ceramics made?

A

Wet clay shaped and heated in a kiln/furnace.

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6
Q

What are the uses of clay ceramics?

A

Pottery and bricks

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7
Q

What are composites?

A

Composites are made of two or more materials.

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8
Q

What are the two components of composites?

A

1) Binder/matrix - reinforces the separate materials (the glue)
2) Reinforcement - the substances providing the bulk of the material

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9
Q

What is the matrix and the reinforcement for natural wood?

A

Matrix - Lignin

Reinforcement - Cellulose fibres

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10
Q

What is the matrix and the reinforcement for concrete?

A

Matrix - Cement & Water

Reinforcement - Sand & Stones

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11
Q

What do all crops need for healthy growth?

A

Nutrients

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12
Q

What 3 nutrients do all crops need?

A

1) Nitrogen, N
2) Phosphorus, P
3) Potassium, K

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13
Q

What are NPK fertilisers?

A

Fertilisers that contain formulations of compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - no single compound containing all 3 elements has yet been made.

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14
Q

What are the compounds in NPK fertilisers?

A

Salts

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15
Q

Whay 2 ways are the salts in NPK fertilisers obtained?

A

1) Mined

2) Manufactured - reacting: acid + base —> salt

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16
Q

What salt is the main source of nitrogen in NPK fertilisers? How is it made?

A

Ammonium nitrate - use ammonia from the haber process and react with nitric acid.

17
Q

What rock is the main source of phosphorus in NPK fertilisers? How is this made into salts to be used in fertiliser?

A

Phosphate rock - mined and *treated with 3 different acids to form phosphate fertilisers.

*must be treated with acids as it is insoluble in water

18
Q

What 2 products are made when phosphate rock is treated with nitric acid?

A

Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate

*This phosphoric acid can be added to ammonia to neutralise it and then make ammonium phosphate.

19
Q

What is made when phosphate rock is treated with sulfuric acid?

A

Single superphosphate - (calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate)

20
Q

What is made if phosphate rock is treated with phosphoric acid?

A

Triple superphosphate - (calcium phosphate)

21
Q

What 2 salts are the main potassium salts in NPK fertilisers? How are they obtained?

A

Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate - they are mined from the ground.

22
Q

What type of salts are made with phosphate rock?

A

Calcium salts

23
Q

What type of salts are made with ammonia?

A

Ammonium salts

24
Q

What type of salts are mined from the ground?

A

Potassium salts

GCSE Chemistry (17 decks)

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