C15 - Using Our Resources Flashcards
What are the 2 types of glass?
1) Soda-lime glass
2) Borosilicate glass
What makes up soda-lime glass?
Sand, limestone (calcium carbonate) and sodium carbonate (soda) are heated.
What makes up borosilicate glass?
Sand and boron trioxide - melts at a higher temperature than soda-lime glass.
What are the uses of soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass?
Soda-lime glass - most common type of glass - bottles, windows etc…
Borosilicate gas - ovenware, pots and pans - won’t crack under heat
How are clay ceramics made?
Wet clay shaped and heated in a kiln/furnace.
What are the uses of clay ceramics?
Pottery and bricks
What are composites?
Composites are made of two or more materials.
What are the two components of composites?
1) Binder/matrix - reinforces the separate materials (the glue)
2) Reinforcement - the substances providing the bulk of the material
What is the matrix and the reinforcement for natural wood?
Matrix - Lignin
Reinforcement - Cellulose fibres
What is the matrix and the reinforcement for concrete?
Matrix - Cement & Water
Reinforcement - Sand & Stones
What do all crops need for healthy growth?
Nutrients
What 3 nutrients do all crops need?
1) Nitrogen, N
2) Phosphorus, P
3) Potassium, K
What are NPK fertilisers?
Fertilisers that contain formulations of compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - no single compound containing all 3 elements has yet been made.
What are the compounds in NPK fertilisers?
Salts
Whay 2 ways are the salts in NPK fertilisers obtained?
1) Mined
2) Manufactured - reacting: acid + base —> salt
What salt is the main source of nitrogen in NPK fertilisers? How is it made?
Ammonium nitrate - use ammonia from the haber process and react with nitric acid.
What rock is the main source of phosphorus in NPK fertilisers? How is this made into salts to be used in fertiliser?
Phosphate rock - mined and *treated with 3 different acids to form phosphate fertilisers.
*must be treated with acids as it is insoluble in water
What 2 products are made when phosphate rock is treated with nitric acid?
Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate
*This phosphoric acid can be added to ammonia to neutralise it and then make ammonium phosphate.
What is made when phosphate rock is treated with sulfuric acid?
Single superphosphate - (calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate)
What is made if phosphate rock is treated with phosphoric acid?
Triple superphosphate - (calcium phosphate)
What 2 salts are the main potassium salts in NPK fertilisers? How are they obtained?
Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate - they are mined from the ground.
What type of salts are made with phosphate rock?
Calcium salts
What type of salts are made with ammonia?
Ammonium salts
What type of salts are mined from the ground?
Potassium salts
