C15 - Using Our Resources

Question 1

What are the 2 types of glass?

Answer 1

1) Soda-lime glass

2) Borosilicate glass

Question 2

What makes up soda-lime glass?

Answer 2

Sand, limestone (calcium carbonate) and sodium carbonate (soda) are heated.

Question 3

What makes up borosilicate glass?

Answer 3

Sand and boron trioxide - melts at a higher temperature than soda-lime glass.

Question 4

What are the uses of soda-lime glass and borosilicate glass?

Answer 4

Soda-lime glass - most common type of glass - bottles, windows etc…

Borosilicate gas - ovenware, pots and pans - won’t crack under heat

Question 5

How are clay ceramics made?

Answer 5

Wet clay shaped and heated in a kiln/furnace.

Question 6

What are the uses of clay ceramics?

Answer 6

Pottery and bricks

Question 7

What are composites?

Answer 7

Composites are made of two or more materials.

Question 8

What are the two components of composites?

Answer 8

1) Binder/matrix - reinforces the separate materials (the glue)
2) Reinforcement - the substances providing the bulk of the material

Question 9

What is the matrix and the reinforcement for natural wood?

Answer 9

Matrix - Lignin

Reinforcement - Cellulose fibres

Question 10

What is the matrix and the reinforcement for concrete?

Answer 10

Matrix - Cement & Water

Reinforcement - Sand & Stones

Question 11

What do all crops need for healthy growth?

Answer 11

Nutrients

Question 12

What 3 nutrients do all crops need?

Answer 12

1) Nitrogen, N
2) Phosphorus, P
3) Potassium, K

Question 13

What are NPK fertilisers?

Answer 13

Fertilisers that contain formulations of compounds of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - no single compound containing all 3 elements has yet been made.

Question 14

What are the compounds in NPK fertilisers?

Answer 14

Salts

Question 15

Whay 2 ways are the salts in NPK fertilisers obtained?

Answer 15

1) Mined

2) Manufactured - reacting: acid + base —> salt

Question 16

What salt is the main source of nitrogen in NPK fertilisers? How is it made?

Answer 16

Ammonium nitrate - use ammonia from the haber process and react with nitric acid.

Question 17

What rock is the main source of phosphorus in NPK fertilisers? How is this made into salts to be used in fertiliser?

Answer 17

Phosphate rock - mined and *treated with 3 different acids to form phosphate fertilisers.

*must be treated with acids as it is insoluble in water

Question 18

What 2 products are made when phosphate rock is treated with nitric acid?

Answer 18

Phosphoric acid and calcium nitrate

*This phosphoric acid can be added to ammonia to neutralise it and then make ammonium phosphate.

Question 19

What is made when phosphate rock is treated with sulfuric acid?

Answer 19

Single superphosphate - (calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate)

Question 20

What is made if phosphate rock is treated with phosphoric acid?

Answer 20

Triple superphosphate - (calcium phosphate)

Question 21

What 2 salts are the main potassium salts in NPK fertilisers? How are they obtained?

Answer 21

Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate - they are mined from the ground.

Question 22

What type of salts are made with phosphate rock?

Answer 22

Calcium salts

Question 23

What type of salts are made with ammonia?

Answer 23

Ammonium salts

Question 24

What type of salts are mined from the ground?

Answer 24

Potassium salts