C1.5 Products from Oil Flashcards
How do your break down large hydrocarbons in crude oil?
cracking
Where does cracking take place?
at an oil refinery in a steel vessel called a cracker
What happens in the cracker?
a heavy fraction is heated to vaporise the hydrocarbons, the vapour is passed over a hot catalyst or mixed with steam, heated to a high temperature, thermal deposition takes place, the large molecules split from the smaller more useful ones
Are alkenes saturated?
no
What is the formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
Do alkenes contain a double bond?
yes
unsaturated hydrocarbons+bromine water
=colourless products
saturated hydrocarbons+bromine water
= no reaction (orange)
Uses of hydrocarbons
fuel, cooking, transport, heating,
Uses for chemical made from crude oil
cosmetics, explosives, plastics
Uses of polyethene
plastic bags, clingfilm, dustbins, strong, transparent
What is a long chain of monomers?
a polymer
Uses for polypropane
carpets and ropes
Examples of designer polymers
light sensitive plasters, dentures, packaging, bandages to treat burns
Examples of shape memory alloys
braces, stitches
Problems with plastic waste
landfill, wildlife gets trapped, take 100s of years to break down
What does biodegradable mean?
can be broken down by microorganisms
Ways to make plastic biodegradable
put in PLA, corn starch
Disadvantages of biodegradable plastics
corn crop will be used for industry not food, starvation, forests cut down for more crop land, destroy habitats of animals
Chemical symbol for ethanol
C2H5OH
How is ethanol for drinks made?
fermentation o sugar from plants
glucose+yeast
=ethanol+carbon dioxide
Uses of ethanol
solvent for decorators, perfume, fuel
ethene+steam
=ethanol
What is the reatcion for ethene+steam?
hydration
