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Clinical Chemistry > C15 Lipids & Lipoproteins > Flashcards

C15 Lipids & Lipoproteins Flashcards

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1
Q

General function of lipoproteins?

A

provide the transportation system for different types of water insoluble fats

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2
Q

What is the #1 cause of premature death in the US?

A

Coronary Artery Disease

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3
Q

What causes inflammation of the coronary edothelial cells?

A

smoking, hypertension, infection, or other agents that attract monocytes & platelets

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4
Q

What are lipoproteins?

A

group of related, but different molecules that interact w/ water insoluble fat molecules, & transports those fats in the plasma

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5
Q

4 types of lipoproteins?

A

chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), & high density lipoproteins (HDL)

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6
Q

Transport of dietary triglycerides from GI tract to the liver?

A

Chylomicrons

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7
Q

Tranports triglycerides from liver to tissues for storage and energy?

A

Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)

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8
Q

Transports cholesterol to peripheral tissues?

A

Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)

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9
Q

Transports cholesterol away from peripheral tissues and to the liver?

A

High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)

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10
Q

Lipids include:

A

cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, & glycolipids

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11
Q

No double bonds between carbons (C-C), solid at room temp, & animal sources?

A

Saturated fatty acids, they are fully saturated with hydrogen atoms

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12
Q

double bonds between carbon bonds (C=C), usually lipid at room temp, plant sources

A

unsaturated fatty acids

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13
Q

artificial modifications of unsaturated fats, common food additive, not needed & not good for humans

A

trans fats

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14
Q

Triglycerides have glycerol with how many fatty acids attached?

A

3

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15
Q

exogenous source?

A

dietary

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16
Q

endogenous source?

A

liver and tissue storage

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17
Q

what percent of the body fat is triglycerides?

A

95%

18
Q

what is the energy source when plasma glucose is decreased?

A

triglycerides

19
Q

Tryglyceride metabolism is regulated by:

A

lipase, epinephrine, & cortisol

20
Q

Where is cholesterol found?

A

animals

21
Q

Cholesterol is an important component of?

A

membranes, steroid hormones, bile & Vitamin D

22
Q

What percentage of cholesterol is associated with cellular components?

A

70%

23
Q

What percentage of cholesterol is in the plasma?

A

30%

24
Q

What transports cholesterol?

A

HDL & LDL

25
Q

Phospholipids

A

imortant components of cell membranes, (lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio) used to determine fetal lung maturity from amniotic fluid

26
Q

glycolipids

A

lipids with carbohydrate (ABO antigens…)

27
Q

apoliproproteins

A

outer protein shell of the lipoprotein molecule, allows insoluble lipid to become soluble in plasma, interacts with cell membranes & enzyme to transport lipids to specific locations

28
Q

chylomicrons & VLDL move?

A

triglycerides

29
Q

LDL & HDL move?

A

cholesterol

30
Q

Cholymicrons are removed from the plasma within how many hourse from the liver?

A

6

31
Q

LDL is synthesized in the?

A

liver

32
Q

Which cholesterol is bad?

A

LDL

33
Q

HDL is synthesized in the?

A

liver & intestines

34
Q

Which cholesterol is good?

A

HDL

35
Q

What pathway transports dietary lipids, mostly the chylomicrons transportation of triglycerides to the liver?

A

exogenous pathway

36
Q

What pathway is the transportation of lipids from the liver to the tissues?

A

endogenous pathway (VLDL & LDL)

37
Q

insulin always decreases?

A

plasma glucose

38
Q

insulin inactivates?

A

lipase

39
Q

insulin stimulates?

A

lipogenesis

40
Q

insulin helps make?

A

fat

41
Q

What is the specimen collection method for lipid testing?

A

serum, from a 10-12 hr fasting specimen… failure causes falsely increased levels from recent dietary intake

42
Q

free glycerol is proportional to the initial?

A

triglyceride concentration

Clinical Chemistry (16 decks)

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