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Chemistry core edexcel > C1.5 Fuels (unfinished) > Flashcards

C1.5 Fuels (unfinished) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound that only containes hydrogen and carbon molecules

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2
Q

What are some examples of fossil fuels?

A
  • crude oil
  • natural gas
  • coal
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3
Q

How are crude oil and natural gas made?

A
  • fossils of sea animals and plants fall to the bottom of the sea bed
  • these are trapped by layers of sediment which keep oxygen away which means they don’t decay
  • as layers of sediment increase the heat and pressure created turn the fossils into oil or natural gas
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4
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of different sized hydrocarbon molecules

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5
Q

What does it mean when a fuel is non-renewable?

A

It is a finite resource, it will not last forever

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6
Q

Is crude oil renewable or non-renewable?

A

Non-renewable

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7
Q

How is crude oil seperated into different fractions?

A

By using a fractional distillation column

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8
Q

What are the uses of gases obtained from crude oil?

A
  • as fuel, liquid petroleum gas (LPG)
  • bottled gases for camping stoves
  • cooking and heating in homes
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9
Q

What is a use of petrol?

A

As fuel for cars

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10
Q

What is a use of kerosene?

A

As fuel for aircraft

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11
Q

What is a use of diesel oil?

A

As fuel for diesel engines

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12
Q

What are the uses of fuel oil?

A
  • fuel for large ships and power stations
  • fuel for heating
  • lubricating oil
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13
Q

What are the uses of bitumen?

A
  • to surface roads

- waterproofing flat roofs

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14
Q

What properties does the length of a carbon chain in a hydrocarbon affect?

A
  • viscosity
  • ease of ignition
  • boiling point
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15
Q

What is collected at the top of the column during the fractional distillation of crude oil?

A

Gases

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16
Q

What is collected at the bottom of the column during the fractional distillation of crude oil?

A

Bitumen

17
Q

What happens to the size of carbon chains as you go down the fractions of crude oil?

A

They get longer

18
Q

What happens to the size of carbon chains as you go up the fractions of crude oil?

A

They get shorter

19
Q

What happens to the ease of ignition as you down the fractions of crude oil?

A

It gets more difficult

20
Q

What happens to boiling point as you go up the fractions of crude oil?

A

It gets lower

21
Q

What happens to boiling point as you go down the fractions of crude oil?

A

It increases

22
Q

What happens to viscosity as you go up the fractions of crude oil?

A

It gets runnier

23
Q

What happens to viscosity as you go down the fractions of crude oil?

A

It gets thicker

24
Q

What happens to the ease of ignition as you go up the fractions of crude oil?

A

It gets easier

25
Q

What is combustion?

A

An oxidation reaction between fuel and oxygen that produces heat and light energy

26
Q

What happens to anhydrous copper sulphate when water is added?

A

It turns blue

27
Q

What does the complete combustion of hydrocarbons produce?

A

Carbon dioxide + water

28
Q

What is the word equation for the complete combustion of methane?

A

Methane + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water

29
Q

What is the symbol for methane?

A

CH^4

30
Q

What causes the combustion of a hydrocarbon to be incomplete?

A

Not having enough oxygen present

31
Q

What can be produced during the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A
  • carbon monoxide

- soot

32
Q

What are the different combinations of products that can be produced from the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon?

A
  • carbon + water
  • carbon monoxide + water
  • carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + carbon + water
33
Q

What is soot?

A

Solid particles of carbon

34
Q

Why is carbon monoxide a toxic gas?

A

It reduces the amount of oxygen that the body can carry which can kill people

35
Q

Why is carbon monoxide hard to detect?

A

It is colourless and odourless

36
Q

How can people reduce the risk of getting poisoned by carbon monoxide?

A
  • servicing all fuel-burning appliances regularly

- installing a carbon monoxide detector

37
Q

What problems can soot cause?

A
  • can clog up pipes that carry away waste gases in appliances
  • can cause lung diseases when it builds up in lungs
  • makes buildings dirty
38
Q

What is acid rain?

A

Rainwater that has a pH lower than 5.2

Chemistry core edexcel (5 decks)

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