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Chemistry core edexcel > C1.4 Obtaining and using metals > Flashcards

C1.4 Obtaining and using metals Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are metals extracted from?

A

Ores in the Earth’s crust

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2
Q

How are most metals extracted from their ores?

A
  • heating with carbon

- electrolysis

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3
Q

What are ores?

A

Rocks that contain enough of a metal for extraction to create profit

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4
Q

What is extraction?

A

The process of obtaining a metal from an ore by using chemical reactions

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5
Q

What happens to the cost of extraction as the reactivity of a metal increases?

A

It increases

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6
Q

Why does it cost more to extract metals with a high reactivity?

A

Electrolysis costs more than heating with carbon because of the cost of electricity

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7
Q

How are metals up to and including zinc on the reactivity series extracted?

A

By heating with carbon

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8
Q

How are metals above zinc on the reactivity series extracted?

A

By electrolysis

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9
Q

What is reduction in terms of electrons?

A

The gaining of electrons

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10
Q

Is the extraction of metal from their oxides reduction or oxidation?

A

Reduction

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11
Q

What is reduction in terms of oxygen?

A

The loss of oxygen

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12
Q

What is oxidation in terms of electrons?

A

The loss of electrons

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13
Q

What is oxidation in terms of oxygen?

A

The gaining of oxygen

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14
Q

What is rusting?

A

The corrosion of iron

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15
Q

What does the rusting of iron produce?

A

iron(III) oxide

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16
Q

What happens to the speed of corrosion as the reactivity of a metal increases?

A

It speeds up

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17
Q

Is the corrosion of a metal reduction or oxidation?

A

Oxidation

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18
Q

What are the advantages of recycling metal?

A
  • natural reserves of metal ores will last longer
  • it takes less energy to recycle instead of extract most metal ores
  • less pollution
  • less waste metals are disposed of in landfill sites
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19
Q

What are the disadvantages of mining?

A

It damages the landscape and creates dust and noise pollution

20
Q

What are the disadvantages of recycling metal?

A
  • the costs and energy used to collect, sort and transport metals
  • recycling can sometimes be more expensive than mining for some metals
21
Q

Why are recycled metals cheaper than mined ones?

A

It takes less energy to recycle a metal than to mine for it

22
Q

How are iron and steel seperated from other metals in a recycling plant?

A

By using a magnet

23
Q

How are metals that aren’t steel or iron sorted in a recycling plant?

A

By hand

24
Q

What are the properties of aluminium?

A
  • low density

- doesn’t corrode

25
Q

What is aluminium used for?

A

To make aeroplanes and cars

26
Q

What are the benefits of using aluminium for aeroplanes and cars?

A

It makes them lighter which means less fuel is needed

27
Q

What are the properties of all metals?

A
  • shiny when polished
  • conduct heat and electricity
  • malleable
  • ductile
28
Q

What are the properties of copper?

A
  • extremely good conductor

- low reactivity

29
Q

What is copper used for?

A
  • making copper cables

- making water pipes

30
Q

What are the properties of gold?

A
  • very unreactive
  • doesn’t corrode
  • remains shiny
  • one of the best electrical conductors
31
Q

What are the uses of gold?

A
  • jewellery

- in electronic devices

32
Q

What are the properties of steel?

A
  • strong

- magnetic

33
Q

What are the uses of steel?

A
  • electrical goods
  • machinery
  • cars
  • frames for buildings
  • bridges
34
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of metals

35
Q

Why is an alloy stronger than a pure metal?

A

It has atoms of different sizes so they can’t slide past each other as easily

36
Q

Why is iron alloyed with other metals?

A
  • to get stronger

- to sometimes resist corrosion

37
Q

What is stainless steel made up of?

A

Iron and small amounts of chromium and nickel

38
Q

What is the purity of gold measured in?

A

Carats or fineness

39
Q

How many carats does pure gold have?

A

24

40
Q

What is the fineness of pure gold?

A

1000 parts per 1000

41
Q

What is nitinol?

A

An alloy of nickel and titanium

42
Q

What is a shape memory alloy?

A

An alloy that returns to it’s original shape when heated

43
Q

What are some uses of shape memory alloys?

A
  • as stents in damaged blood vessels

- to make flexible spectacle frames

44
Q

What is a smart material?

A

A material with a property that changes when there is a change in conditions

45
Q

Why is gold alloyed with other metals?

A

To make it harder and stronger

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