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Chemistry: C1 > C1.4 Crude Oil and Fuels > Flashcards

C1.4 Crude Oil and Fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

Crude Oil is a mixture of

A

Many different compounds. Most of which are hydrocarbon molecules

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2
Q

A mixture consists of

A

Two or more elements/compounds which aren’t chemically bonded to each other

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3
Q

What are Hydrocarbons?

A

Fuels, made up of hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

The properties of a mixture are a

A

mixture of properties from the individual parts

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5
Q

Mixtures can be separated by physical methods such as

A

Fractional Distillation

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6
Q

Fractional Distillation occurs in a

A

Fractionating column

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7
Q

Stage 1 of fractional distillation

A

Heated crude oil is piped into the bottom of the column

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8
Q

Stage 2 of fractional distillation

A

The oil is evaporated and rises up the column, the different hydrocarbons stopping at different temperature points

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9
Q

Stage 3 of fractional distillation

A

Different Hydrocarbons stop at different fractions due to their different condensing points. The different hydrocarbons stop at different temperatures where they condense

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10
Q

What is the name of saturated hydrocarbons?

A

Alkanes

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11
Q

What is the general formula of alkanes?

A

CnH2n + 2

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12
Q

Examples of Alkanes

A

Methane CH4, Ethane C2H6 and propane C3H8

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13
Q

How can hydrocarbons be represented?

A

In the form C2H6

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14
Q

Hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated into

A

Fractions, each containing molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms

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15
Q

Alkanes are made up of

A

Chains of carbon atoms surrounded by hydrogen atoms

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16
Q

The shorter the hydrocarbon molecule the less..

A

Viscous (gloopy) it is

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17
Q

The shorter the hydrocarbon molecule the more..

A

Volatile they are (turn into gas at lower temperature therefore the shorter the molecule the higher it condenses in a fractional distillation column)

18
Q

The shorter the hydrocarbon molecule the more

A

Flammable the hydrocarbon is

19
Q

Most fuels contain

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and some Sulfur

20
Q

When burned, fuels release

A

Carbon dioxide, water (vapour), carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

21
Q

When are oxides of nitrogen formed?

A

At high temperatures

22
Q

What else may be released from combustion of fuels?

A

Solid particles, e.g. soot

23
Q

During combustion of hydrocarbons

A

Energy is released and the carbon and hydrogen is oxidised

24
Q

What causes acid rain?

A

Sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

25
Q

What causes global warming?

A

Carbon Dioxide

26
Q

What causes Global Dimming?

A

Solid particles, they reflect the sunlight back into space or produce more clouds which reflect the sunlight back into space, reducing the amount of sunlight on earth

27
Q

Why will oil run out one day?

A

It is a non-renewable fuel

28
Q

What happens when there is not enough oxygen?

A

Partial combustion, this releases solid particles, unburnt fuel and carbon monoxide

29
Q

What can acid rain cause?

A

Lakes to become acidic, animals and plants to die, kill trees, damage buildings and statues

30
Q

How can acid rain be reduced?

A

Removing sulfur before it is burnt, however this is expensive

31
Q

What is released when carbon and hydrogen are oxidised?

A

Carbon Dioxide and water vapour

32
Q

What are the two alternate Biofuels which can be used?

A

Ethanol and Biodiesel

33
Q

How is Ethanol made?

A

Fermentation of plants

34
Q

Advantages of Ethanol

A

It is carbon neutral as the CO2 released when it is burnt is the same as the amount taken in by the plant as it grew

35
Q

Disadvantages of Ethanol

A

Engines need to be converted to work with ethanol fuels. It is not widely available. There are worries that farmers will stop producing food in favour of producing ethanol, increasing food prices as a result

36
Q

How is Biodiesel produced?

A

From vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil and soybean oil

37
Q

Advantages of Biodiesel

A

Carbon neutral. Engines don’t need to be converted. Produces less sulfur dioxide and particulates than any other diesel or petrol

38
Q

Disadvantages of Biodiesel

A

We can’t produce enough. It’s expensive. Could increase food prices like Ethanol

39
Q

What else can be used to power vehicles?

A

Hydrogen gas

40
Q

Advantages of Hydrogen Gas

A

Hydrogen combines with oxygen to just form water, so its very clean

41
Q

Disadvantages of Hydrogen Gas

A

You need a special engine. Hydrogen isn’t widely available. Hydrogen is hard to store. Energy from other sources is still required

Chemistry: C1 (7 decks)

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