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Chemistry: C1 > C1.3 Metals and Their Uses > Flashcards

C1.3 Metals and Their Uses Flashcards

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1
Q

Extracting metal from ores is economical because

A

Ores contain lots of metal

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2
Q

Most metals are found as

A

Compounds, and require chemical reactions to extract the metal

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3
Q

Which metals are found in the earth as themselves and not in a compounds

A

Unreactive metals such as Gold.

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4
Q

How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from their oxides

A

By reduction with carbon e.g Iron oxide is reduced in a blast furnace to produce iron (the oxygen reacts with the carbon to form carbon dioxide)

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5
Q

Ores are often

A

Oxides of the metal e.g the aluminium ore is bauxite (aluminium oxide Al2O3)

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6
Q

Metals more reactive than carbon are extracted form their oxides through

A

Electrolysis of molten compounds

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7
Q

Why are metals more reactive than carbon expensive?

A

The large amounts of energy needed to separate them from their oxides through electrolysis is very expensive

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8
Q

How can copper be removed from its ore?

A

Smelting (the heating of the ore in a furnace)

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9
Q

How is copper purified?

A

Through electrolysis

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10
Q

Why is copper purified?

A

Impure copper doesn’t conduct electricity well, this is not useful as copper is used to make electrical wiring. Pure copper is a much better conductor

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11
Q

What is Electrolysis

A

The breaking down of a substance using electricity

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12
Q

What is required in electrolysis

A

A liquid to conduct the electricity (electrolyte.) These are often metal salt solutions. Electrolytes have free electrons which conduct electricity

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13
Q

What happens at the anode?

A

Electrons are taken away/lost causing them to become atoms or molecules

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14
Q

What happens at the cathode?

A

Electrons are given/gained causing them to become atoms or molecules

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15
Q

Electrolysis of copper:

A

The cathode is made of a thin piece of pure copper whilst the anode is made up of an lump of impure copper. Electrons are lost at the anode causing them to go into the copper sulfate solution. Cu2+ ions gain electrons at the cathode and turn into copper atoms. The impurities are left at the anode as sludge whilst the pure copper atoms bond to the cathode

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16
Q

How else can copper be extracted?

A

Phytomining or Bioleaching

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17
Q

What is Phytomining?

A

When plants absorb metal compounds and are then burned to produce ash which contains metal compounds

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18
Q

What is Bioleaching?

A

The use of bacteria to produce leachate solutions which contain metal compounds. Bacteria get energy from the bond between copper and sulfate and separate the two in the process. The leachate (solution produced by the process) contains copper and can be filtered to extract copper.

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19
Q

Copper can also be extracted through ___________ with iron

A

Displacement

20
Q

In electrolysis positive ions move towards the

A

Negative electrode

21
Q

Why is the extraction of Aluminium and Titanium so expensive?

A

Because they cannot be extracted by reduction with carbon and there are lots of stages in the process meaning large amounts of energy are required

22
Q

Why should we recycle metals?

A

Extracting them requires limited resources and is expensive due to energy needed and effects on the environment. Theres is a limited amount of metal on the earth, recycling conserves this. Recycling reduces landfill and therefore pollution

23
Q

Impure iron is

A

Brittle

24
Q

Iron from a blast furnace is

A

96% Iron

25
Q

Most iron is converted into

A

Steel

26
Q

What is steel?

A

An alloy of iron and carbon

27
Q

Properties of low-carbon steels and their uses

A

Easily shaped. Used for the making of car bodies

28
Q

Properties of high-carbon steels and their uses

A

Very hard, inflexible. Used to make blades for cutting tools and to construct bridges

29
Q

Properties of stainless steel and its uses

A

Corrosion resistant. Used for cutlery, containers for corrosive substances.

30
Q

What does stainless Steel contain?

A

Iron, Carbon, Chromium and sometimes Nickel

31
Q

Impure iron is used as

A

Cast iron

32
Q

Pure iron is

A

Too soft, bendy and easily shaped due to the layers of atoms being able to slide over each other

33
Q

Different elements have

A

Different sized atoms

34
Q

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

A

When adding a different element to an pure metal, the regular layers of atoms will be disturbed due to the different sized atoms of the other element added. This means they cannot slide over each other, making them harder

35
Q

Many metals used today are

A

Alloys

36
Q

What is Bronze made up of?

A

Copper and tin. It is harder than pure copper and is good for making medals and statues

37
Q

What is cupronickel made up of?

A

Copper and Nickel. It is hard and does not corrode. It is used to make silver coins

38
Q

What are Gold alloys used to make?

A

Jewellery. Pure Gold is too soft, metals such as zinc, copper, silver and nickel are used to harden the Gold

39
Q

What are Aluminium alloys used to make?

A

Aircraft. Pure aluminium has a low density, but it is alloyed with small amounts of other metals to make it stronger

40
Q

Elements in the central block of the Periodic table are known as

A

Transition metals

41
Q

Transition metals are

A

Good conductors of heat and electricity and can be bent into shape

42
Q

What are transition metals useful for?

A

Structural materials and for making things that must allow heat and electricity to pass through them easily

43
Q

Copper is useful for

A

Electrical wiring and plumbing

44
Q

What are the properties of copper?

A

Good conductor of heat and electricity, can be bent, does not react with water

45
Q

How are some metals protected from corroding?

A

By painting the metal

46
Q

What is ‘metal fatigue’?

A

When metals have strains and stresses put on them over time, this leads to them breaking

Chemistry: C1 (7 decks)

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