C1.1 Fundamental Ideas Flashcards
All substances are made up of
Atoms
A substance made up of only one sort of atom is
An element
Groups in the periodic table contain
Elements with similar properties
What is in the centre of an atom?
A nucleus
What does the nucleus contain?
Protons and Neutrons
What charge are protons?
+1
What charge are neutrons?
0 (no charge, neutral)
What overall charge does a nucleus have and why?
Positive because of the protons
What moves around the nucleus?
Electrons
What charge do electrons have?
-1
What do electrons fill?
Shells around the nucleus
What overall electrical charge does an atom have?
No overall charge, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons but opposite
What happens if electrons are added or removed?
The atom becomes charged and is then an ion
Different atoms have
Different number of protons
Atomic number
Number of protons (and therefore number of electrons as they are equal)
Mass number
Sum of protons and Neutrons
Maximum amount of electrons for the first three shells?
2,8,8
Electrons fill the
Innermost shells to the nucleus
Elements in the same group in the periodic table have the same number of
Electrons in their outer shell
Elements in the same group have
Similar properties
Group 1 elements are
Metals
Group 1 elements react with water to form
An alkaline solution and hydrogen gas
Group 1 elements react with oxygen to form
An oxide
Elements in Group 0 are called
Noble gases
How many electrons do Group 0 have in their outer shell? Which element is an exception to this?
8 electrons. Helium, which only has 2 in its outer shell
Group 0 elements are
Unreactive because they are stable due to their full outer shells
When elements react their atoms join with others to form
Compounds
To form compounds, atoms
Give, take or share electrons to form ions or molecules
Non-metals + metals form
Compounds consisting of ions
Non-metals + non-metals form
Compounds consisting of molecules
In molecules atoms are held together by
Covalent bonds
Metals lose electrons to form
Positive ions
Non-metals gain electrons to form
Negative ions
The opposite charges of ions make them
Strongly attracted to each other, ionic bonding
Properties of compounds are _________ to that of the original elements
Different
Chemical reactions are represented by
Word equations or Symbol equations
Balance:
Mg + O2 => MgO
2Mg + O2 => 2MgO
Balance:
H2SO4 + NaOH => Na2SO4 + H2O
H2SO4 + 2NaOH => Na2SO4 +2H2O
No atoms are _____ or _____ during a chemical reaction
Lost or made
Mass of products equals
Mass of reactants
6g of magnesium + 4g of oxygen =
10g of magnesium oxide
