C1.1 Fundamental Ideas

Question 1

All substances are made up of

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

A substance made up of only one sort of atom is

Answer 2

An element

Question 3

Groups in the periodic table contain

Answer 3

Elements with similar properties

Question 4

What is in the centre of an atom?

Answer 4

A nucleus

Question 5

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 5

Protons and Neutrons

Question 6

What charge are protons?

Answer 6

+1

Question 7

What charge are neutrons?

Answer 7

0 (no charge, neutral)

Question 8

What overall charge does a nucleus have and why?

Answer 8

Positive because of the protons

Question 9

What moves around the nucleus?

Answer 9

Electrons

Question 10

What charge do electrons have?

Answer 10

-1

Question 11

What do electrons fill?

Answer 11

Shells around the nucleus

Question 12

What overall electrical charge does an atom have?

Answer 12

No overall charge, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons but opposite

Question 13

What happens if electrons are added or removed?

Answer 13

The atom becomes charged and is then an ion

Question 14

Different atoms have

Answer 14

Different number of protons

Question 15

Atomic number

Answer 15

Number of protons (and therefore number of electrons as they are equal)

Question 16

Mass number

Answer 16

Sum of protons and Neutrons

Question 17

Maximum amount of electrons for the first three shells?

Answer 17

2,8,8

Question 18

Electrons fill the

Answer 18

Innermost shells to the nucleus

Question 19

Elements in the same group in the periodic table have the same number of

Answer 19

Electrons in their outer shell

Question 20

Elements in the same group have

Answer 20

Similar properties

Question 21

Group 1 elements are

Answer 21

Metals

Question 22

Group 1 elements react with water to form

Answer 22

An alkaline solution and hydrogen gas

Question 23

Group 1 elements react with oxygen to form

Answer 23

An oxide

Question 24

Elements in Group 0 are called

Answer 24

Noble gases

Question 25

How many electrons do Group 0 have in their outer shell? Which element is an exception to this?

Answer 25

8 electrons. Helium, which only has 2 in its outer shell

Question 26

Group 0 elements are

Answer 26

Unreactive because they are stable due to their full outer shells

Question 27

When elements react their atoms join with others to form

Answer 27

Compounds

Question 28

To form compounds, atoms

Answer 28

Give, take or share electrons to form ions or molecules

Question 29

Non-metals + metals form

Answer 29

Compounds consisting of ions

Question 30

Non-metals + non-metals form

Answer 30

Compounds consisting of molecules

Question 31

In molecules atoms are held together by

Answer 31

Covalent bonds

Question 32

Metals lose electrons to form

Answer 32

Positive ions

Question 33

Non-metals gain electrons to form

Answer 33

Negative ions

Question 34

The opposite charges of ions make them

Answer 34

Strongly attracted to each other, ionic bonding

Question 35

Properties of compounds are _________ to that of the original elements

Answer 35

Different

Question 36

Chemical reactions are represented by

Answer 36

Word equations or Symbol equations

Question 37

Balance:

Mg + O2 => MgO

Answer 37

2Mg + O2 => 2MgO

Question 38

Balance:

H2SO4 + NaOH => Na2SO4 + H2O

Answer 38

H2SO4 + 2NaOH => Na2SO4 +2H2O

Question 39

No atoms are _____ or _____ during a chemical reaction

Answer 39

Lost or made

Question 40

Mass of products equals

Answer 40

Mass of reactants

Question 41

6g of magnesium + 4g of oxygen =

Answer 41

10g of magnesium oxide